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Evokation
 
 
Index
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-
6
A
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
`-
1
20
21
13
+
=
55
5+5
=
10
1+0
1
-
-
1
2
3
4
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
-
1
-
6
A
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
`-
1
20
21
13
+
=
55
5+5
=
10
1+0
1
-
-
1
2
3
4
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
-
1
-
6
A
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
`-
1
20
21
13
+
=
55
5+5
=
10
1+0
1
-
-
1
2
3
4
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
-
1
-
6
A
T
U
M
-T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
FIVE
5
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
NINE
9
-
-
-
35
6
A
T
U
M
-
-
10
-
-
4
-
10
3+5
-
1
2
3
4
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
Q
1+0
8
6
A
T
U
M
-
-
1
-
-
4
-
2

 

 

6
A
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
`-
1
20
21
13
+
=
55
5+5
=
10
1+0
1
-
1
2
3
4
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
6
A
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
`-
1
20
21
13
+
=
55
5+5
=
10
1+0
1
-
1
2
3
4
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
6
A
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
`-
1
20
21
13
+
=
55
5+5
=
10
1+0
1
-
1
2
3
4
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
6
A
T
U
M
-T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
6
A
T
U
M
-
-
10
-
-
4
-
10
-
1
2
3
4
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
Q
1+0
6
A
T
U
M
-
-
1
-
-
4
-
2

 

AUTUMN ATUM AUTUMN

 

-
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
+
=
5
-
=
5
=
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
=
5
-
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
2
3
4
-
+
=
13
1+3
=
4
=
4
-
-
1
21
20
21
13
-
+
=
76
7+6
=
13
1+3
4
-
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
21
20
21
13
14
+
=
90
9+0
=
9
=
9
-
-
1
3
2
3
4
5
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
=
9
-
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
-
-
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
NINE
9
-
-
-
30
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
-
15
-
-
6
-
18
3+0
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
1+8
3
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
9
-
-
1
3
2
3
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
3
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
9

 

 

6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
+
=
5
-
=
5
=
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
=
5
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
1
3
2
3
4
-
+
=
13
1+3
=
4
=
4
-
1
21
20
21
13
-
+
=
76
7+6
=
13
1+3
4
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
1
21
20
21
13
14
+
=
90
9+0
=
9
=
9
-
1
3
2
3
4
5
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
=
9
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
-
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
-
15
-
-
6
-
18
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
1+8
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
9
-
1
3
2
3
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
9

 

 

6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
+
=
5
-
=
5
=
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
=
5
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
1
3
2
3
4
-
+
=
13
1+3
=
4
=
4
-
1
21
20
21
13
-
+
=
76
7+6
=
13
1+3
4
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
1
21
20
21
13
14
+
=
90
9+0
=
9
=
9
-
1
3
2
3
4
5
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
=
9
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
-
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
-
15
-
-
6
-
18
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
1+8
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
9
-
1
3
2
3
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
9

 

AUTUMN ATUM AUTUMN

QUANTUM ATUM QUANTUM

 

-
QUANTUM
-
-
-
4
.......A...TUM.
55
10
1
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
4
.......A...TUM.
55
10
1
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
3
.....QU...N.............
52
16
7
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8

 

 

-
QUANTUM
-
-
-
1
Q
17
8
8
3
UAN
35
9
9
3
TUM
54
9
9
7
QUANTUM
107
26
26
-
-
1+0+7
2+6
2+6
7
QUANTUM
8
8
8

 

 

-
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
+
=
5
-
=
5
=
5
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
=
5
-
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
8
3
1
-
2
3
4
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
-
-
17
21
1
-
20
21
13
+
=
93
9+3
=
12
1+2
3
-
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
17
21
1
14
20
21
13
+
=
107
1+0+7
=
8
=
8
-
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
-
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
``-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
``-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
-
-
-
-
7
``-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
NINE
-
-
-
-
22
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
-
23
-
-
7
-
26
2+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-``
-
-
2+3
-
-
-
-
2+6
4
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
-
5
-
-
7
-
8
-
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
-
5
-
-
7
-
8

 

 

7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
+
=
5
-
=
5
=
5
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
=
5
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
8
3
1
-
2
3
4
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
-
17
21
1
-
20
21
13
+
=
93
9+3
=
12
1+2
3
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
17
21
1
14
20
21
13
+
=
107
1+0+7
=
8
=
8
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
``-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
``-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
-
23
-
-
7
-
26
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-``
-
-
2+3
-
-
-
-
2+6
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
-
5
-
-
7
-
8
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
-
5
-
-
7
-
8

 

 

7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
+
=
5
-
=
5
=
5
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
=
5
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
8
3
1
-
2
3
4
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
-
17
21
1
-
20
21
13
+
=
93
9+3
=
12
1+2
3
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
17
21
1
14
20
21
13
+
=
107
1+0+7
=
8
=
8
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
``-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
``-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
-
23
-
-
7
-
26
-
-
-
1
-
2
3
4
-
-
2+3
-
-
-
-
2+6
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
-
5
-
-
7
-
8
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
-
5
-
-
7
-
8

 

RA ATUM ATUM RA

 

THE NEW MATHEMATICS OF CHAOS

Ian Stewart 1989

Page 1

PROLOGUE

CLOCKWORK OR CHAOS?

"YOU BELIEVE IN A GOD WHO PLAYS DICE, AND I IN COMPLETE LAW AND ORDER."

Albert Einstein, Letter to Max Born

 

"YOU B5LI5V5 I5 A GOD 5HO PLAYS DIC5, A5D I I5 COMPL5T5 LA5 A5D ORD5R."

5 x 13 = 65

 

-
-
37
-
13
QUANTUM THEORY
91
37
37
Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
T
=
2
-
6
THEORY
91
37
1
S
-
10
4
13
QUANTUM THEORY
198
63
9
-
-
1+0
-
1+3
-
1+9+8
6+3
-
-
-
1
-
4
QUANTUM THEORY
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
1
-
4
QUANTUM THEORY
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
133
QUANTUM THEORY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
6
THEORY
91
37
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
-
10
4
13
QUANTUM THEORY
198
63
9
-
1
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9
Q
=
8
1
1
Q
17
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
U
=
3
2
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
3
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
4
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
5
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
7
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26
-
7
QUANTUM THEORY
107
26
26
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
8
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
9
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
10
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
11
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
12
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
Y
=
7
13
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
37
-
13
QUANTUM THEORY
91
37
37
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
-
1
4
6
4
10
6
7
16
9
T
=
2
-
6
THEORY
91
37
1
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
1+6
-
S
-
10
4
13
QUANTUM THEORY
198
63
9
-
1
4
6
4
1
6
7
7
9
-
-
1+0
-
1+3
-
1+9+8
6+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
4
QUANTUM THEORY
18
9
9
-
1
4
6
4
1
6
7
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
4
QUANTUM THEORY
9
9
9
-
1
4
6
4
1
6
7
7
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

-
-
-
-
133
QUANTUM THEORY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
6
THEORY
91
37
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
-
10
4
13
QUANTUM THEORY
198
63
9
-
1
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
3
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
5
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
8
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
2
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
7
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
4
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
10
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
11
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
Y
=
7
13
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
Q
=
8
1
1
Q
17
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
H
=
8
9
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
12
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
13
QUANTUM THEORY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
-
1
4
6
4
10
6
7
16
9
T
=
2
-
6
THEORY
91
37
1
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
1+6
-
S
-
10
4
13
QUANTUM THEORY
198
63
9
-
1
4
6
4
1
6
7
7
9
-
-
1+0
-
1+3
-
1+9+8
6+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
4
QUANTUM THEORY
18
9
9
-
1
4
6
4
1
6
7
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
4
QUANTUM THEORY
9
9
9
-
1
4
6
4
1
6
7
7
9

 

 

Q
=
8
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
M
=
4
9
MECHANICS
75
39
3
-
-
12
16
First Total
182
65
11
-
-
1+2
1+6
Add to Reduce
1+8+2
6+5
1+1
-
-
3
7
Second Total
11
11
2
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+1
1+1
-
-
-
3
7
Essence of Number
2
2
2

 

 

-
16
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
5
9
-
1
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
14
9
-
19
+
=
64
6+4
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
16
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
3
1
-
2
3
4
-
4
5
3
-
1
-
-
3
-
+
=
37
3+7
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
-
17
21
1
-
20
21
13
-
13
5
3
-
1
-
-
3
-
+
=
118
1+1+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
16
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
21
1
14
20
21
13
-
13
5
3
8
1
14
9
3
19
+
+
182
1+8+2
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
-
4
5
3
8
1
5
9
3
1
+
+
65
6+5
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
16
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
``-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
``-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
4
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
2
=
16
1+6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
13
16
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
32
-
-
16
-
65
-
38
1+3
1+6
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3+2
-
-
1+6
-
6+5
-
3+8
4
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
5
-
-
7
-
11
-
11
-
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
-
4
5
3
8
1
5
9
3
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
1+1
4
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
5
-
-
7
-
2
-
2

 

 

16
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
5
9
-
1
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
14
9
-
19
+
=
64
6+4
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
16
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
8
3
1
-
2
3
4
-
4
5
3
-
1
-
-
3
-
+
=
37
3+7
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
17
21
1
-
20
21
13
-
13
5
3
-
1
-
-
3
-
+
=
118
1+1+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
16
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
17
21
1
14
20
21
13
-
13
5
3
8
1
14
9
3
19
+
+
182
1+8+2
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
-
4
5
3
8
1
5
9
3
1
+
+
65
6+5
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
16
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
``-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
``-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
4
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
2
=
16
1+6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
16
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
32
-
-
16
-
65
-
38
1+6
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3+2
-
-
1+6
-
6+5
-
3+8
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
5
-
-
7
-
11
-
11
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
-
4
5
3
8
1
5
9
3
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
1+1
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
5
-
-
7
-
2
-
2

 

 

-
16
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
5
9
-
1
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
14
9
-
19
+
=
64
6+4
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
16
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
3
1
-
2
3
4
4
5
3
-
1
-
-
3
-
+
=
37
3+7
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
-
17
21
1
-
20
21
13
13
5
3
-
1
-
-
3
-
+
=
118
1+1+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
16
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
21
1
14
20
21
13
13
5
3
8
1
14
9
3
19
+
+
182
1+8+2
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
4
5
3
8
1
5
9
3
1
+
+
65
6+5
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
16
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
``-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
``-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
4
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
2
=
16
1+6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
13
16
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
32
-
-
16
-
65
-
38
1+3
1+6
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3+2
-
-
1+6
-
6+5
-
3+8
4
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
5
-
-
7
-
11
-
11
-
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
4
5
3
8
1
5
9
3
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
1+1
4
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
5
-
-
7
-
2
-
2

 

 

16
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
5
9
-
1
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
14
9
-
19
+
=
64
6+4
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
16
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
8
3
1
-
2
3
4
4
5
3
-
1
-
-
3
-
+
=
37
3+7
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
17
21
1
-
20
21
13
13
5
3
-
1
-
-
3
-
+
=
118
1+1+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
16
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
17
21
1
14
20
21
13
13
5
3
8
1
14
9
3
19
+
+
182
1+8+2
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
4
5
3
8
1
5
9
3
1
+
+
65
6+5
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
16
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
``-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
``-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
4
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
2
=
16
1+6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
16
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
32
-
-
16
-
65
-
38
1+6
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3+2
-
-
1+6
-
6+5
-
3+8
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
5
-
-
7
-
11
-
11
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
4
5
3
8
1
5
9
3
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
1+1
7
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
M
E
C
H
A
N
I
C
S
-
-
5
-
-
7
-
2
-
2

 

 

Q
=
8
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
E
=
5
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
13
13
First Total
181
64
10
-
-
1+3
1+3
Add to Reduce
1+8+1
6+4
1+0
-
-
4
4
Second Total
10
10
1
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
4
4
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

 

Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
E
=
5
-
8
ENERGIES
82
46
1
-
-
13
-
27
First Total
189
72
9
-
-
1+3
-
2+7
Add to Reduce
1+8+9
7+2
-
Q
-
4
-
9
Second Total
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
-
-
4
5
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
15
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
E
N
E
R
G
I
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
-
1
+
=
20
2+0
=
2
-
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
9
-
19
+
=
56
5+6
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
15
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
E
N
E
R
G
I
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
3
1
-
2
3
4
-
5
-
5
9
7
-
5
-
+
=
52
5+2
=
7
-
7
=
7
-
-
17
21
1
-
20
21
13
-
5
-
5
18
7
-
5
-
+
=
133
1+3+3
=
7
-
7
=
7
-
15
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
E
N
E
R
G
I
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
21
1
14
20
21
13
-
5
14
5
18
7
9
5
19
+
=
189
1+8+9
=
18
1+8
9
=
9
-
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
-
5
5
5
9
7
9
5
1
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
15
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
E
N
E
R
G
I
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
``-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
``-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
5
=
25
2+5
7
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
``-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
6
15
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
E
N
E
R
G
I
E
S
-
-
39
-
-
15
-
72
-
45
=
1+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-``
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
-
3+9
-
-
1+5
-
7+2
-
4+5
6
6
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
E
N
E
R
G
I
E
S
-
-
12
-
-
6
-
9
-
9
-
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
-
5
5
5
9
7
9
5
1
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
6
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
E
N
E
R
G
I
E
S
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
9
-
9

 

 

L
=
3
4
LOOP
58
22
4
Q
=
8
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
G
=
7
7
GRAVITY
102
39
3
-
-
18
18
First Total
267
87
15
-
-
1+8
1+8
Add to Reduce
2+6+7
8+7
1+5
-
-
9
9
Second Total
15
15
6
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+5
1+5
-
-
-
9
9
Essence of Number
6
6
6

 

 

-
18
L
O
O
P
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
G
R
A
V
I
T
Y
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
`-
-
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
`-
-
15
15
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
53
5+3
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
18
L
O
O
P
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
G
R
A
V
I
T
Y
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
`-
12
-
-
16
-
8
3
1
-
2
3
4
-
7
9
1
4
-
2
7
+
=
61
6+1
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
17
21
1
-
20
21
13
-
7
18
1
22
-
20
25
+
=
214
2+1+4
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
18
L
O
O
P
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
G
R
A
V
I
T
Y
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
`-
12
15
15
16
-
17
21
1
14
20
21
13
-
7
18
1
22
9
20
25
+
=
267
2+6+7
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
-
3
6
6
7
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
-
7
9
1
4
9
2
7
+
=
87
8+7
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
18
L
O
O
P
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
G
R
A
V
I
T
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
=
9
4
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
=
8
5
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
=
5
6
-
-
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
2
=
12
1+2
3
7
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
occurs
x
3
=
21
2+1
3
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
9
-
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
45
18
L
O
O
P
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
G
R
A
V
I
T
Y
-
-
45
-
-
18
-
87
-
51
4+5
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
1+8
-
8+7
-
5+1
9
9
L
O
O
P
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
G
R
A
V
I
T
Y
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
15
-
6
-
-
3
6
6
7
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
-
7
9
1
4
9
2
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
9
9
L
O
O
P
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
G
R
A
V
I
T
Y
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
6
-
6

 

 

7
G
R
A
V
I
T
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
9
-
-
-
-
=
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
9
-
-
-
-
=
9
7
G
R
A
V
I
T
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
18
1
22
-
20
25
+
=
93
9+3
=
12
1+2
=
3
-
7
9
1
4
-
2
7
+
=
30
3+0
-
-
-
=
3
7
G
R
A
V
I
T
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

 

 

R
=
9
-
6
RANDOM
65
29
2
Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
F
=
6
-
12
FLUCTUATIONS
161
44
8
-
-
23
-
25
First Total
333
99
9
-
-
2+3
-
2+5
Add to Reduce
3+3+3
9+9
-
Q
-
5
-
7
Second Total
9
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+8
-
-
-
5
5
7
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
25
R
A
N
D
O
M
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
F
L
U
C
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
6
5
1
+
=
37
3+7
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
14
-
15
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
15
14
19
+
=
100
1+0+0
=
1
=
1
=
1
-
25
R
A
N
D
O
M
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
F
L
U
C
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
1
-
4
-
4
-
8
3
1
-
2
3
4
-
6
3
3
3
2
3
1
2
-
-
-
-
+
=
62
6+2
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
18
1
-
4
-
13
-
17
21
1
-
20
21
13
-
6
12
21
3
20
21
1
20
-
-
-
-
+
=
233
2+3+3
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
25
R
A
N
D
O
M
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
F
L
U
C
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
18
1
14
4
15
13
-
17
21
1
14
20
21
13
-
6
12
21
3
20
21
1
20
9
15
14
19
+
=
333
3+3+3
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
9
1
5
4
6
4
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
-
6
3
3
3
2
3
1
2
9
6
5
1
+
=
99
9+9
=
18
1+8
9
=
9
-
25
R
A
N
D
O
M
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
F
L
U
C
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
4
=
4
=
4
-
``-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
=
6
-
``-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
3
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
6
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
7
25
R
A
N
D
O
M
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
F
L
U
C
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
39
-
-
25
-
99
-
54
-
2+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
3
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+9
-
-
2+5
-
9+9
-
5+4
7
7
R
A
N
D
O
M
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
F
L
U
C
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
12
-
-
7
-
18
-
9
-
-
9
1
5
4
6
4
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
-
6
3
3
3
2
3
1
2
9
6
5
1
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
7
7
R
A
N
D
O
M
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
F
L
U
C
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
9
-
9

 

 

25
R
A
N
D
O
M
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
F
L
U
C
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
6
5
1
+
=
37
3+7
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
-
-
14
-
15
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
15
14
19
+
=
100
1+0+0
=
1
=
1
=
1
25
R
A
N
D
O
M
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
F
L
U
C
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
9
1
-
4
-
4
-
8
3
1
-
2
3
4
-
6
3
3
3
2
3
1
2
-
-
-
-
+
=
62
6+2
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
18
1
-
4
-
13
-
17
21
1
-
20
21
13
-
6
12
21
3
20
21
1
20
-
-
-
-
+
=
233
2+3+3
=
8
=
8
=
8
25
R
A
N
D
O
M
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
F
L
U
C
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
18
1
14
4
15
13
-
17
21
1
14
20
21
13
-
6
12
21
3
20
21
1
20
9
15
14
19
+
=
333
3+3+3
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
9
1
5
4
6
4
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
-
6
3
3
3
2
3
1
2
9
6
5
1
+
=
99
9+9
=
18
1+8
9
=
9
25
R
A
N
D
O
M
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
F
L
U
C
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
4
=
4
=
4
``-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
=
6
``-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
3
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
6
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
25
R
A
N
D
O
M
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
F
L
U
C
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
39
-
-
25
-
99
-
54
2+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
3
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+9
-
-
2+5
-
9+9
-
5+4
7
R
A
N
D
O
M
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
F
L
U
C
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
12
-
-
7
-
18
-
9
-
9
1
5
4
6
4
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
-
6
3
3
3
2
3
1
2
9
6
5
1
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
7
R
A
N
D
O
M
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
F
L
U
C
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
9
-
9

 

 

R
=
9
-
25
RANDOM QUANTUM FLUCTUATIONS
333
99
9

 

 

25
R
A
N
D
O
M
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
F
L
U
C
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
6
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
6
5
1
+
=
37
3+7
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
-
-
14
-
15
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
15
14
19
+
=
100
1+0+0
=
1
=
1
=
1
25
R
A
N
D
O
M
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
F
L
U
C
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
9
1
-
4
-
4
8
3
1
-
2
3
4
6
3
3
3
2
3
1
2
-
-
-
-
+
=
62
6+2
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
18
1
-
4
-
13
17
21
1
-
20
21
13
6
12
21
3
20
21
1
20
-
-
-
-
+
=
233
2+3+3
=
8
=
8
=
8
25
R
A
N
D
O
M
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
F
L
U
C
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
18
1
14
4
15
13
17
21
1
14
20
21
13
6
12
21
3
20
21
1
20
9
15
14
19
+
=
333
3+3+3
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
9
1
5
4
6
4
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
6
3
3
3
2
3
1
2
9
6
5
1
+
=
99
9+9
=
18
1+8
9
=
9
25
R
A
N
D
O
M
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
F
L
U
C
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
4
=
4
=
4
``-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
=
6
``-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
3
3
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
6
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
25
R
A
N
D
O
M
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
F
L
U
C
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
39
-
-
25
-
99
-
54
2+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
3
3
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+9
-
-
2+5
-
9+9
-
5+4
7
R
A
N
D
O
M
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
F
L
U
C
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
12
-
-
7
-
18
-
9
-
9
1
5
4
6
4
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
6
3
3
3
2
3
1
2
9
6
5
1
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
7
R
A
N
D
O
M
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
F
L
U
C
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
9
-
9

 

 

 

R
=
9
-
6
RANDOM
65
29
2
Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
F
=
6
-
12
FLUCTUATIONS
161
53
8
-
-
23
-
25
First Total
333
108
9
-
-
2+3
-
2+5
Add to Reduce
3+3+3
1+0+8
-
Q
-
5
-
7
Second Total
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
7
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
=
9
-
6
RANDOM
65
29
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
12
FLUCTUATIONS
161
44
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
-
25
First Total
333
99
9
-
1
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
RANDOM
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
11
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
A
=
1
3
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
4
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
7
1
D
D
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
5
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
M
=
4
7
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26
-
7
RANDOM
65
29
29
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
QUANTUM
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
=
8
1
1
Q
17
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
U
=
3
2
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
3
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
4
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
5
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
7
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
26
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
FLUCTUATIONS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
5
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
L
=
3
12
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
11
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
11
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
5
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
11
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
3
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
5
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
11
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
O
=
6
5
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
4
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
3
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
44
-
-
FLUCTUATIONS
107
53
44
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
4
6
18
12
15
18
7
8
18
R
=
9
-
6
RANDOM
65
29
2
-
-
-
1+8
1+2
1+5
1+8
-
-
1+8
Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
-
4
6
9
3
6
9
7
8
9
F
=
6
-
12
FLUCTUATIONS
161
53
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
-
25
First Total
333
108
9
-
4
6
9
3
6
9
7
8
9
-
-
2+3
-
2+5
Add to Reduce
3+3+3
1+0+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
-
5
-
7
Second Total
9
9
9
-
4
6
9
3
6
9
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
7
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
4
6
9
3
6
9
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
=
9
-
6
RANDOM
65
29
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
12
FLUCTUATIONS
161
44
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
-
25
First Total
333
99
9
-
1
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
=
9
11
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
9
A
=
1
3
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
N
=
5
4
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
D
=
4
7
1
D
D
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
5
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
-
-
M
=
4
7
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
Q
=
8
1
1
Q
17
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
U
=
3
2
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
7
-
-
A
=
1
3
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
N
=
5
4
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
T
=
2
5
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
7
-
-
M
=
4
7
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
F
=
6
5
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
-
-
L
=
3
12
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
7
-
-
U
=
3
11
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
7
-
-
C
=
3
11
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
7
-
-
T
=
2
5
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
U
=
3
11
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
7
-
-
A
=
1
3
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
T
=
2
5
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
I
=
9
11
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
9
O
=
6
5
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
-
-
N
=
5
4
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
S
=
1
3
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
4
6
18
12
15
18
7
8
18
R
=
9
-
6
RANDOM
65
29
2
-
-
-
1+8
1+2
1+5
1+8
-
-
1+8
Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
-
4
6
9
3
6
9
7
8
9
F
=
6
-
12
FLUCTUATIONS
161
53
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
-
25
First Total
333
108
9
-
4
6
9
3
6
9
7
8
9
-
-
2+3
-
2+5
Add to Reduce
3+3+3
1+0+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
-
5
-
7
Second Total
9
9
9
-
4
6
9
3
6
9
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
7
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
4
6
9
3
6
9
7
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
=
9
-
6
RANDOM
65
29
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
12
FLUCTUATIONS
161
44
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
-
25
First Total
333
99
9
-
1
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
3
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
A
=
1
3
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
S
=
1
3
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
A
=
1
3
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
T
=
2
5
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
T
=
2
5
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
T
=
2
5
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
U
=
3
2
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
7
-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
7
-
-
L
=
3
12
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
7
-
-
U
=
3
11
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
7
-
-
C
=
3
11
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
7
-
-
U
=
3
11
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
7
-
-
D
=
4
7
1
D
D
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
D
=
4
7
1
D
D
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
M
=
4
7
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
M
=
4
7
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
N
=
5
4
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
N
=
5
4
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
N
=
5
4
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
5
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
-
-
O
=
6
5
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
-
-
Q
=
8
1
1
Q
17
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
I
=
9
11
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
9
R
=
9
11
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
9
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
4
6
18
12
15
18
7
8
18
R
=
9
-
6
RANDOM
65
29
2
-
-
-
1+8
1+2
1+5
1+8
-
-
1+8
Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
-
4
6
9
3
6
9
7
8
9
F
=
6
-
12
FLUCTUATIONS
161
53
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
-
25
First Total
333
108
9
-
4
6
9
3
6
9
7
8
9
-
-
2+3
-
2+5
Add to Reduce
3+3+3
1+0+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
-
5
-
7
Second Total
9
9
9
-
4
6
9
3
6
9
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
7
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
4
6
9
3
6
9
7
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

Q
=
8
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
M
=
4
9
MECHANICS
75
39
3
-
-
12
16
First Total
182
65
11
-
-
1+2
1+6
Add to Reduce
1+8+2
6+5
1+1
-
-
3
7
Second Total
11
11
2
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+1
1+1
-
-
-
3
7
Essence of Number
2
2
2

 

 

Q
=
8
=
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
E
=
5
=
7
ELECTRO
78
33
6
G
=
7
=
8
DYNAMICS
88
34
7
-
-
20
-
22
First Total
273
93
21
-
-
2+0
-
2+2
Add to Reduce
2+7+3
9+3
2+1
-
-
2
-
4
Second Total
12
12
3
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+2
1+2
-
-
-
2
-
4
Essence of Number
3
3
3

 

 

Q
=
8
=
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
E
=
5
=
7
ELECTRO
78
33
6
G
=
7
=
8
DYNAMICS
88
34
7
-
-
20
-
22
First Total
273
93
21
-
-
2+0
-
2+2
Add to Reduce
2+7+3
9+3
2+1
-
-
2
-
4
Second Total
12
12
3
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+2
1+2
-
-
-
2
-
4
Essence of Number
3
3
3

 

 

-
22
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
-
D
Y
N
A
M
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
`-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
5
-
-
9
-
1
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
`-
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
-
14
-
-
9
-
19
+
=
71
7+1
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
22
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
-
D
Y
N
A
M
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
`-
8
3
1
-
2
3
4
-
5
3
5
3
2
9
-
-
4
7
-
1
4
-
3
-
+
=
67
6+7
=
13
1+3
4
=
4
-
-
17
21
1
-
20
21
13
-
5
12
5
3
20
18
-
-
4
25
-
1
13
-
3
-
+
=
202
2+0+2
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
22
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
-
D
Y
N
A
M
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
=
-
-
-
-
`-
17
21
1
14
20
21
13
-
5
12
5
3
20
18
15
-
4
25
14
1
13
9
3
19
+
=
273
2+7+3
=
9
=
9
=
6
-
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
-
5
3
5
3
2
9
6
-
4
7
5
1
4
9
3
1
+
=
93
9+3
=
18
1+8
9
=
6
-
22
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
-
D
Y
N
A
M
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
9
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
2
-
9
-
-
9
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
5
=
15
1+5
6
4
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
5
-
-
9
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
8
-
8
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
45
22
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
-
D
Y
N
A
M
I
C
S
-
-
45
-
-
22
-
93
-
48
4+5
2+2
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
2+2
-
9+3
-
4+8
9
4
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
-
D
Y
N
A
M
I
C
S
-
-
9
-
-
4
-
12
-
12
-
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
-
5
3
5
3
2
9
6
-
4
7
5
1
4
9
3
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
-
1+2
9
4
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
-
D
Y
N
A
M
I
C
S
-
-
9
-
-
4
-
3
-
3

 

 

-
22
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
D
Y
N
A
M
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
`-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
5
-
-
9
-
1
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
`-
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
14
-
-
9
-
19
+
=
71
7+1
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
22
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
D
Y
N
A
M
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
`-
8
3
1
-
2
3
4
5
3
5
3
2
9
-
4
7
-
1
4
-
3
-
+
=
67
6+7
=
13
1+3
4
=
4
-
-
17
21
1
-
20
21
13
5
12
5
3
20
18
-
4
25
-
1
13
-
3
-
+
=
202
2+0+2
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
22
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
D
Y
N
A
M
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
=
-
-
-
-
`-
17
21
1
14
20
21
13
5
12
5
3
20
18
15
4
25
14
1
13
9
3
19
+
=
273
2+7+3
=
9
=
9
=
6
-
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
5
3
5
3
2
9
6
4
7
5
1
4
9
3
1
+
=
93
9+3
=
18
1+8
9
=
6
-
22
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
D
Y
N
A
M
I
C
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
9
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
2
-
9
-
-
9
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
5
=
15
1+5
6
4
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
5
-
-
9
-
5
-
-
-
5
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
8
-
8
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
45
22
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
D
Y
N
A
M
I
C
S
-
-
45
-
-
22
-
93
-
48
4+5
2+2
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
2+2
-
9+3
-
4+8
9
4
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
D
Y
N
A
M
I
C
S
-
-
9
-
-
4
-
12
-
12
-
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
5
3
5
3
2
9
6
4
7
5
1
4
9
3
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
-
1+2
9
4
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
D
Y
N
A
M
I
C
S
-
-
9
-
-
4
-
3
-
3

 

 

E
=
5
=
7
ELECTRO
78
33
6
M
=
4
=
8
MAGNETIC
72
36
9
F
=
6
=
6
FORCES
66
30
3
-
-
15
-
22
First Total
216
99
18
-
-
1+5
-
2+1
Add to Reduce
2+1+6
9+9
1+8
-
-
6
-
3
Second Total
9
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+8
-
-
-
6
-
3
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
21
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
-
M
A
G
N
E
T
I
C
-
F
O
R
C
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
9
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
1
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
9
-
-
-
15
-
-
-
19
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
21
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
-
M
A
G
N
E
T
I
C
-
F
O
R
C
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
3
5
3
2
9
-
-
4
1
7
-
5
2
-
3
-
6
-
9
3
5
-
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
5
12
5
3
20
18
-
-
13
1
7
-
5
20
-
3
-
6
-
18
3
5
-
+
=
144
1+4+4
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
21
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
-
M
A
G
N
E
T
I
C
-
F
O
R
C
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
12
5
3
20
18
15
-
13
1
7
14
5
20
9
3
-
6
15
18
3
5
19
+
=
216
2+1+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
5
3
5
3
2
9
6
-
4
1
7
5
5
2
9
3
-
6
6
9
3
5
1
+
=
99
9+9
=
18
=
9
=
9
-
21
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
-
M
A
G
N
E
T
I
C
-
F
O
R
C
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
1-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1-
1
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
4
=
12
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
5
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
5
5
-
2
-
-
-
3
5
3
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
5
=
25
2+5
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
2
-
-
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
=
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
=
9
8
21
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
-
M
A
G
N
E
T
I
C
-
F
O
R
C
E
S
-
-
37
-
-
21
-
99
-
45
-
2+1
5
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
5
5
-
2
-
-
-
3
5
3
5
-
-
-
3+7
-
-
2+1
-
9+9
-
4+5
8
3
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
-
M
A
G
N
E
T
I
C
-
F
O
R
C
E
S
-
-
10
-
-
3
-
18
-
9
-
-
5
3
5
3
2
9
6
-
4
1
7
5
5
2
9
3
-
6
6
9
3
5
1
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
8
3
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
-
M
A
G
N
E
T
I
C
-
F
O
R
C
E
S
-
-
1
-
-
3
-
9
-
9

 

 

21
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
M
A
G
N
E
T
I
C
F
O
R
C
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
5
-
-
9
-
-
6
-
-
-
1
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
-
14
-
-
9
-
-
15
-
-
-
19
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
21
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
M
A
G
N
E
T
I
C
F
O
R
C
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
3
5
3
2
9
-
4
1
7
-
5
2
-
3
6
-
9
3
5
-
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
5
12
5
3
20
18
-
13
1
7
-
5
20
-
3
6
-
18
3
5
-
+
=
144
1+4+4
=
9
=
9
=
9
21
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
M
A
G
N
E
T
I
C
F
O
R
C
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
12
5
3
20
18
15
13
1
7
14
5
20
9
3
6
15
18
3
5
19
+
=
216
2+1+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
5
3
5
3
2
9
6
4
1
7
5
5
2
9
3
6
6
9
3
5
1
+
=
99
9+9
=
18
=
9
=
9
21
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
M
A
G
N
E
T
I
C
F
O
R
C
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
1
-
1-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1-
1
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
4
=
12
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
5
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
3
5
5
-
2
-
-
3
5
3
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
5
=
25
2+5
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
3
-
2
-
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
=
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
=
9
21
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
M
A
G
N
E
T
I
C
F
O
R
C
E
S
-
-
37
-
-
21
-
99
-
45
2+1
5
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
3
5
5
-
2
-
-
3
5
3
5
-
-
-
3+7
-
-
2+1
-
9+9
-
4+5
3
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
M
A
G
N
E
T
I
C
F
O
R
C
E
S
-
-
10
-
-
3
-
18
-
9
-
5
3
5
3
2
9
6
4
1
7
5
5
2
9
3
6
6
9
3
5
1
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
3
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
M
A
G
N
E
T
I
C
F
O
R
C
E
S
-
-
1
-
-
3
-
9
-
9

 

 

20
ELECTROMAGNETIC LIGHT
206
98
8
-
-
-
-
-
21
ELECTROMAGNETIC LIGHTS
-
-
-
-
E+L+E+C+T
45
18
9
-
R
18
9
9
-
O+M+A+G
36
18
9
-
N+E+T
39
12
3
-
I
9
9
9
-
C
3
3
3
-
L
12
3
3
-
I
9
9
9
-
G+H+T+S
54
18
9
21
ELECTROMAGNETIC LIGHTS
225
99
63
2+1
-
2+2+5
9+9
6+3
3
ELECTROMAGNETIC LIGHTS
9
18
9
-
-
-
1+8
-
3
ELECTROMAGNETIC LIGHTS
9
9
9

 

 

-
21
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
M
A
G
N
E
T
I
C
-
L
I
G
H
T
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
38
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
5
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
-
8
-
1
+
=
38
3+8
=
11
1+1
2
-
2
74
`-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
-
14
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
-
8
-
19
+
=
74
7+4
=
11
1+1
2
-
2
-
21
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
M
A
G
N
E
T
I
C
-
L
I
G
H
T
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
52
-
5
3
5
3
2
9
-
4
1
7
-
5
2
-
3
-
3
-
7
-
2
-
+
=
52
5+2
=
7
-
7
-
7
106
`-
5
12
5
3
20
18
-
13
1
7
-
5
20
-
3
-
12
-
7
-
20
-
+
=
106
1+0+6
=
7
-
7
-
7
-
21
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
M
A
G
N
E
T
I
C
-
L
I
G
H
T
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
225
`-
5
12
5
3
20
18
15
13
1
7
14
5
20
9
3
-
12
9
7
8
20
19
+
=
225
2+2+5
=
9
-
9
-
9
99
-
5
3
5
3
2
9
6
4
1
7
5
5
2
9
3
-
3
9
7
8
2
1
+
=
99
9+9
=
18
1+8
9
-
9
-
21
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
M
A
G
N
E
T
I
C
-
L
I
G
H
T
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
1
-
1-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
2
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
2
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
=
6
3
-
-
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
4
=
12
=
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
5
-
5
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
=
2
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
3
-
2
-
-
-
-
3
-
2
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
2
=
14
=
5
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
2
-
-
-
-
3
8
2
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
9
-
9
-
-
-
9
9
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
=
9
45
21
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
M
A
G
N
E
T
I
C
-
L
I
G
H
T
S
-
-
45
-
-
21
-
99
-
45
4+5
2+1
5
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
3
5
5
-
2
-
-
-
-
3
-
2
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
2+1
-
9+9
-
4+5
9
3
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
M
A
G
N
E
T
I
C
-
L
I
G
H
T
S
-
-
9
-
-
3
-
18
-
9
-
-
5
3
5
3
2
9
6
4
1
7
5
5
2
9
3
-
3
9
7
8
2
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
9
3
E
L
E
C
T
R
O
M
A
G
N
E
T
I
C
-
L
I
G
H
T
S
-
-
9
-
-
3
-
9
-
9

 

 

QUANTUM THOUGHTS GODS THOUGHTS QUANTUM

 

A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
10
1
A
=
1
-
2
AS
20
2
2
Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
D
=
4
-
4
DOES
43
16
7
-
-
31
-
25
First Total
324
90
27
-
-
3+1
-
2+5
Add to Reduce
3+2+4
9+0
2+7
Q
-
4
-
7
Second Total
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
-
-
-
-
4
5
7
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

QUANTUM ATUM AMUN ATEN ATOM QUANTUM

 

 

Quantum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In physics, a quantum (plural: quanta) is an indivisible entity of a quantity that has the units as the Planck constant and is related to both energy and ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum - Cached - Similar

 

Quantum
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Quanta" redirects here. For other uses, see Quantum (disambiguation).
This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate. (February 2008)
This article relies largely or entirely upon a single source. Please help improve this article by introducing appropriate citations of additional sources. (April 2009)

In physics, a quantum (plural: quanta) is an indivisible entity of a quantity that has the units as the Planck constant and is related to both energy and momentum of elementary particles of matter (called fermions) and of photons and other bosons. The word comes from the Latin "quantus", for "how much." Behind this, one finds the fundamental notion that a physical property may be "quantized", referred to as "quantization". This means that the magnitude can take on only certain discrete numerical values, rather than any value, at least within a range. There is a related term of quantum number.

A photon is often referred to as a "light quantum". The energy of an electron bound to an atom (at rest) is said to be quantized, which results in the stability of atoms, and of matter in general. But these terms can be a little misleading, because what is quantized is this Planck's constant quantity whose units can be viewed as either energy multiplied by time or momentum multiplied by distance.

Usually referred to as quantum "mechanics", it is regarded by virtually every professional physicist as the most fundamental framework we have for understanding and describing nature at the infinitesimal level, for the very practical reason that it works. It is "in the nature of things", not a more or less arbitrary human preference.

Contents [hide]
1 Development of quantum theory
1.1 The quantum black-body radiation formula
2 Beyond electromagnetic radiation
2.1 The birth of quantum mechanics
3 See also
4 References

[edit] Development of quantum theory
Quantum theory, the branch of physics which is based on quantization, began in 1900 when Max Planck published his theory explaining the emission spectrum of black bodies. In that paper Planck used the Natural system of units he invented the previous year. The consequences of the differences between classical and quantum mechanics quickly became obvious. But it was not until 1926, by the work of Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger, and others, that quantum mechanics became correctly formulated and understood mathematically. Despite tremendous experimental success, the philosophical interpretations of quantum theory are still widely debated.

Planck was reluctant to accept the new idea of quantization, as were many others. But, with no acceptable alternative, he continued to work with the idea, and found his efforts were well received. Eighteen years later, when he accepted the Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions, he called it "a few weeks of the most strenuous work" of his life. During those few weeks, he even had to discard much of his own theoretical work from the preceding years. Quantization turned out to be the only way to describe the new and detailed experiments which were just then being performed. He did this practically overnight, openly reporting his change of mind to his scientific colleagues, in the October, November, and December meetings of the German Physical Society, in Berlin, where the black body work was being intensely discussed. In this way, careful experimentalists (including Friedrich Paschen, O.R. Lummer, Ernst Pringsheim, Heinrich Rubens, and F. Kurlbaum), and a reluctant theorist, ushered in a momentous scientific revolution.

[edit] The quantum black-body radiation formula
When a body is heated, it emits radiant heat, a form of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared region of the EM spectrum. All of this was well understood at the time, and of considerable practical importance. When the body becomes red-hot, the red wavelength parts start to become visible. This had been studied over the previous years, as the instruments were being developed. However, most of the heat radiation remains infrared, until the body becomes as hot as the surface of the Sun (about 6000 K or 5726 °C, where most of the light is white in color). This was not achievable in the laboratory at that time. What is more, measuring specific infrared wavelengths was only then becoming feasible, due to newly developed experimental techniques. Until then, most of the electromagnetic spectrum was not measurable, and therefore blackbody emission had not been mapped out in detail.

The quantum black-body radiation formula, being the very first piece of quantum mechanics, appeared Sunday evening October 7, 1900, in a so-called back-of-the-envelope calculation by Planck. It was based on a report by Rubens (visiting with his wife) on the very latest experimental findings in the infrared. Later that evening, Planck sent the formula on a postcard, which Rubens received the following morning. A couple of days later, he informed Planck that it worked perfectly. At first, it was just a fit to the data; only later did it turn out to enforce quantization.

This second step was only possible due to a certain amount of luck (or skill, even though Planck himself called it "a fortuitous guess at an interpolation formula"). It was during the course of polishing the mathematics of his formula that Planck stumbled upon the beginnings of Quantum Theory. Briefly stated, he had two mathematical expressions:

(i) from the previous work on the red parts of the spectrum, he had x;
(ii) now, from the new infrared data, he got x².
Combining these as x(a+x), he still has x, approximately, when x is much smaller than a (the red end of the spectrum); but now also x² (again approximately) when x is much larger than a (in the infrared). The formula for the energy E, in a single mode of radiation at frequency λ, and temperature T, can be written

This is (essentially) what is being compared with the experimental measurements. There are two parameters to determine from the data, written in the present form by the symbols used today: h is the new Planck's constant, and k is Boltzmann's constant. Both have now become fundamental in physics, but that was by no means the case at the time. The "elementary quantum of energy" is hλ. But such a unit does not normally exist, and is not required for quantization.

[edit] Beyond electromagnetic radiation
While quantization was first discovered in electromagnetic radiation, it describes a fundamental aspect of energy not just restricted to photons.[1]

[edit] The birth of quantum mechanics
From the experiments, Planck deduced the numerical values of h and k. Thus he could report, in the German Physical Society meeting on December 14, 1900, where quantization (of energy) was revealed for the first time, values of the Avogadro-Loschmidt number, the number of real molecules in a mole, and the unit of electrical charge, which were more accurate than those known until then. This event has been referred to as "the birth of quantum mechanics".

[edit] See also
Quantum mechanics
Quantum state
Quantum number
Quantum cryptography
Quantum electronics
Quantum computer
Quantum chromodynamics
Quantum entanglement
Quantum coherence
Quantum immortality
Quantum lithography
Quantum sensor
Quantum dot
Quantum channel
Magnetic flux quantum
Quantum cellular automata
Quantization
Subatomic particle
Elementary particle
Photon polarization

[edit] References
1.^ Real-World Quantum Effects Demonstrated February 11, 2005

 

Quantum mechanics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Quantum mechanics (QM) is a set of principles describing physical reality at the atomic level of matter (molecules and atoms) and the subatomic (electrons, ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics - Cached - Similar

Quantum mechanics
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Quantum mechanics

Uncertainty principle

Introduction to...

Mathematical formulation of...

[show]Background
Classical mechanics
Old quantum theory
Interference · Bra-ket notation
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Fig. 1: Probability densities corresponding to the wavefunctions of an electron in a hydrogen atom possessing definite energy levels (increasing from the top of the image to the bottom: n = 1, 2, 3, ...) and angular momentum (increasing across from left to right: s, p, d,...). Brighter areas correspond to higher probability density in a position measurement. Wavefunctions like these are directly comparable to Chladni's figures of acoustic modes of vibration in classical physics and are indeed modes of oscillation as well: they possess a sharp energy and thus a keen frequency. The angular momentum and energy are quantized, and only take on discrete values like those shown (as is the case for resonant frequencies in acoustics).Quantum mechanics (QM) is a set of principles describing physical reality at the atomic level of matter (molecules and atoms) and the subatomic (electrons, protons, and even smaller particles). These descriptions include the simultaneous wave-like and particle-like behavior of both matter[1] and radiation[2] ("wave–particle duality"). In the quantum mechanics of a subatomic particle, one can never specify its state, such as its simultaneous location and velocity, with complete certainty (this is called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle — see its formula in the box to the right).

Certain systems, however, do exhibit quantum mechanical effects on a larger scale; superfluidity (the frictionless flow of a liquid at temperatures near absolute zero) is one well-known example. Quantum theory also provides accurate descriptions for many previously unexplained phenomena such as black body radiation and the stability of electron orbits. It has also given insight into the workings of many different biological systems, including smell receptors and protein structures.[3]

Even so, classical physics often can be a good approximation to results otherwise obtained by quantum physics, typically in circumstances with large numbers of particles or large quantum numbers. (However, some open questions remain in the field of quantum chaos.)

Contents [hide]
1 Overview
2 History
3 Quantum mechanics and classical physics
4 Theory
4.1 Mathematical formulation
4.2 Interactions with other scientific theories
5 Example
6 Attempts at a unified field theory
7 Relativity and quantum mechanics
8 Applications
9 Philosophical consequences
10 See also
11 Notes
12 References
13 Further reading
14 External links

[edit] Overview
Main article: Introduction to quantum mechanics
The word quantum is Latin for "how great" or "how much."[4] In quantum mechanics, it refers to a discrete unit that quantum theory assigns to certain physical quantities, such as the energy of an atom at rest (see Figure 1, at right). The discovery that waves have discrete energy packets (called quanta) that behave in a manner similar to particles led to the branch of physics that deals with atomic and subatomic systems which we today call quantum mechanics. It is the underlying mathematical framework of many fields of physics and chemistry, including condensed matter physics, solid-state physics, atomic physics, molecular physics, computational chemistry, quantum chemistry, particle physics, and nuclear physics. The foundations of quantum mechanics were established during the first half of the twentieth century by Werner Heisenberg, Max Planck, Louis de Broglie, Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger, Max Born, John von Neumann, Paul Dirac, Wolfgang Pauli, David Hilbert, and others.[5] Some fundamental aspects of the theory are still actively studied.[6]

Quantum mechanics is essential to understand the behavior of systems at atomic length scales and smaller. For example, if classical mechanics governed the workings of an atom, electrons would rapidly travel towards and collide with the nucleus, making stable atoms impossible. However, in the natural world the electrons normally remain in an uncertain, non-deterministic "smeared" (wave-particle wave function) orbital path around or "through" the nucleus, defying classical electromagnetism.[7]

Quantum mechanics was initially developed to provide a better explanation of the atom, especially the spectra of light emitted by different atomic species. The quantum theory of the atom was developed as an explanation for the electron's staying in its orbital, which could not be explained by Newton's laws of motion and by Maxwell's laws of classical electromagnetism.[8]

In the formalism of quantum mechanics, the state of a system at a given time is described by a complex wave function (sometimes referred to as orbitals in the case of atomic electrons), and more generally, elements of a complex vector space.[9] This abstract mathematical object allows for the calculation of probabilities of outcomes of concrete experiments. For example, it allows one to compute the probability of finding an electron in a particular region around the nucleus at a particular time. Contrary to classical mechanics, one can never make simultaneous predictions of conjugate variables, such as position and momentum, with arbitrary accuracy. For instance, electrons may be considered to be located somewhere within a region of space, but with their exact positions being unknown. Contours of constant probability, often referred to as “clouds” may be drawn around the nucleus of an atom to conceptualize where the electron might be located with the most probability. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle quantifies the inability to precisely locate the particle given its conjugate.[10]

The other exemplar that led to quantum mechanics was the study of electromagnetic waves such as light. When it was found in 1900 by Max Planck that the energy of waves could be described as consisting of small packets or quanta, Albert Einstein exploited this idea to show that an electromagnetic wave such as light could be described by a particle called the photon with a discrete energy dependent on its frequency. This led to a theory of unity between subatomic particles and electromagnetic waves called wave–particle duality in which particles and waves were neither one nor the other, but had certain properties of both. While quantum mechanics describes the world of the very small, it also is needed to explain certain “macroscopic quantum systems” such as superconductors and superfluids.[11]

Broadly speaking, quantum mechanics incorporates four classes of phenomena that classical physics cannot account for: (I) the quantization (discretization) of certain physical quantities, (II) wave-particle duality, (III) the uncertainty principle, and (IV) quantum entanglement. Each of these phenomena is described in detail in subsequent sections.[11]

[edit] History
This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this section if you can. (August 2009)

Main article: History of quantum mechanics
The history of quantum mechanics[12] began essentially with the 1838 discovery of cathode rays by Michael Faraday, the 1859 statement of the black body radiation problem by Gustav Kirchhoff, the 1877 suggestion by Ludwig Boltzmann that the energy states of a physical system could be discrete, and the 1900 quantum hypothesis by Max Planck that any energy is radiated and absorbed in quantities divisible by discrete ‘energy elements’, E, such that each of these energy elements is proportional to the frequency ν with which they each individually radiate energy, as defined by the following formula:

where h is Planck's Action Constant. Planck insisted[13] that this was simply an aspect of the processes of absorption and emission of radiation and had nothing to do with the physical reality of the radiation itself. However, this did not explain the photoelectric effect (1839), i.e. that shining light on certain materials can function to eject electrons from the material. In 1905, basing his work on Planck’s quantum hypothesis, Albert Einstein[14] postulated that light itself consists of individual quanta. These later came to be called photons (1926). From Einstein's simple postulation was born a flurry of debating, theorizing and testing, and thus, the entire field of quantum physics.

 

 

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THE QUANTUM MIND
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18
-
1
4
6
3
5
7
9
-
-
1+4
-
1+4
-
1+4+4
6+3
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
THE QUANTUM MIND
9
9
9
-
1
4
6
3
5
7
9

 

 

G
=
7
-
7
GENERAL
62
35
8
T
=
2
-
6
THEORY
91
37
1
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
R
=
9
-
10
RELATIVITY
141
51
6
-
-
24
-
25
Add to Reduce
315
135
18
-
-
2+4
-
2+5
Reduce to Deduce
3+1+5
1+3+5
1+8
-
-
6
-
7
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

A
=
1
-
6
ALBERT
58
22
4
E
=
5
-
8
EINSTEIN
95
41
5
-
-
6
-
14
Add to Reduce
153
63
9
-
-
-
-
1+4
Reduce to Deduce
1+5+3
6+3
1+8
-
-
6
-
5
Essence of Number
9
9
9


[edit] Quantum mechanics and classical physics
Predictions of quantum mechanics have been verified experimentally to a very high degree of accuracy. Thus, the current logic of correspondence principle between classical and quantum mechanics is that all objects obey laws of quantum mechanics, and classical mechanics is just a quantum mechanics of large systems (or a statistical quantum mechanics of a large collection of particles). Laws of classical mechanics thus follow from laws of quantum mechanics at the limit of large systems or large quantum numbers.[15] However, chaotic systems do not have good quantum numbers, and quantum chaos studies the relationship between classical and quantum descriptions in these systems.

The main differences between classical and quantum theories have already been mentioned above in the remarks on the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox. Essentially the difference boils down to the statement that quantum mechanics is coherent (addition of amplitudes), whereas classical theories are incoherent (addition of intensities). Thus, such quantities as coherence lengths and coherence times come into play. For microscopic bodies the extension of the system is certainly much smaller than the coherence length; for macroscopic bodies one expects that it should be the other way round.[16]

This is in accordance with the following observations:

Many “macroscopic” properties of “classic” systems are direct consequences of quantum behavior of its parts. For example, stability of bulk matter (which consists of atoms and molecules which would quickly collapse under electric forces alone), rigidity of this matter, mechanical, thermal, chemical, optical and magnetic properties of this matter—they are all results of interaction of electric charges under the rules of quantum mechanics.[17]

While the seemingly exotic behavior of matter posited by quantum mechanics and relativity theory become more apparent when dealing with extremely fast-moving or extremely tiny particles, the laws of classical “Newtonian” physics still remain accurate in predicting the behavior of surrounding (“large”) objects—of the order of the size of large molecules and bigger—at velocities much smaller than the velocity of light.[18]

[edit] Theory
There are numerous mathematically equivalent formulations of quantum mechanics. One of the oldest and most commonly used formulations is the transformation theory proposed by Cambridge theoretical physicist Paul Dirac, which unifies and generalizes the two earliest formulations of quantum mechanics, matrix mechanics (invented by Werner Heisenberg[19])[20] and wave mechanics (invented by Erwin Schrödinger[21]).

In this formulation, the instantaneous state of a quantum system encodes the probabilities of its measurable properties, or "observables". Examples of observables include energy, position, momentum, and angular momentum. Observables can be either continuous (e.g., the position of a particle) or discrete (e.g., the energy of an electron bound to a hydrogen atom).[22]

Generally, quantum mechanics does not assign definite values to observables. Instead, it makes predictions using probability distributions; that is, the probability of obtaining possible outcomes from measuring an observable. Oftentimes these results are skewed by many causes, such as dense probability clouds[23] or quantum state nuclear attraction.[24][25] Naturally, these probabilities will depend on the quantum state at the "instant" of the measurement. Hence, uncertainty is involved in the value. There are, however, certain states that are associated with a definite value of a particular observable. These are known as "eigenstates" of the observable ("eigen" can be roughly translated from German as inherent or as a characteristic[26]). In the everyday world, it is natural and intuitive to think of everything (every observable) as being in an eigenstate. Everything appears to have a definite position, a definite momentum, a definite energy, and a definite time of occurrence. However, quantum mechanics does not pinpoint the exact values of a particle for its position and momentum (since they are conjugate pairs) or its energy and time (since they too are conjugate pairs); rather, it only provides a range of probabilities of where that particle might be given its momentum and momentum probability. Therefore, it is helpful to use different words to describe states having uncertain values and states having definite values (eigenstate).

For example, consider a free particle. In quantum mechanics, there is wave-particle duality so the properties of the particle can be described as the properties of a wave. Therefore, its quantum state can be represented as a wave of arbitrary shape and extending over space as a wave function. The position and momentum of the particle are observables. The Uncertainty Principle states that both the position and the momentum cannot simultaneously be measured with full precision at the same time. However, one can measure the position alone of a moving free particle creating an eigenstate of position with a wavefunction that is very large (a Dirac delta) at a particular position x and zero everywhere else. If one performs a position measurement on such a wavefunction, the result x will be obtained with 100% probability (full certainty). This is called an eigenstate of position (mathematically more precise: a generalized position eigenstate (eigendistribution)). If the particle is in an eigenstate of position then its momentum is completely unknown. On the other hand, if the particle is in an eigenstate of momentum then its position is completely unknown. [27] In an eigenstate of momentum having a plane wave form, it can be shown that the wavelength is equal to h/p, where h is Planck's constant and p is the momentum of the eigenstate.[28]

Usually, a system will not be in an eigenstate of the observable we are interested in. However, if one measures the observable, the wavefunction will instantaneously be an eigenstate (or generalized eigenstate) of that observable. This process is known as wavefunction collapse, a debatable process.[29] It involves expanding the system under study to include the measurement device. If one knows the corresponding wave function at the instant before the measurement, one will be able to compute the probability of collapsing into each of the possible eigenstates. For example, the free particle in the previous example will usually have a wavefunction that is a wave packet centered around some mean position x0, neither an eigenstate of position nor of momentum. When one measures the position of the particle, it is impossible to predict with certainty the result.[30] It is probable, but not certain, that it will be near x0, where the amplitude of the wave function is large. After the measurement is performed, having obtained some result x, the wave function collapses into a position eigenstate centered at x.[31]

Wave functions can change as time progresses. An equation known as the Schrödinger equation describes how wave functions change in time, a role similar to Newton's second law in classical mechanics. The Schrödinger equation, applied to the aforementioned example of the free particle, predicts that the center of a wave packet will move through space at a constant velocity, like a classical particle with no forces acting on it. However, the wave packet will also spread out as time progresses, which means that the position becomes more uncertain. This also has the effect of turning position eigenstates (which can be thought of as infinitely sharp wave packets) into broadened wave packets that are no longer position eigenstates.[32] Some wave functions produce probability distributions that are constant or independent of time, such as when in a stationary state of constant energy, time drops out of the absolute square of the wave function. Many systems that are treated dynamically in classical mechanics are described by such "static" wave functions. For example, a single electron in an unexcited atom is pictured classically as a particle moving in a circular trajectory around the atomic nucleus, whereas in quantum mechanics it is described by a static, spherically symmetric wavefunction surrounding the nucleus (Fig. 1). (Note that only the lowest angular momentum states, labeled s, are spherically symmetric).[33]

The time evolution of wave functions is deterministic in the sense that, given a wavefunction at an initial time, it makes a definite prediction of what the wavefunction will be at any later time.[34] During a measurement, the change of the wavefunction into another one is not deterministic, but rather unpredictable, i.e., random. A time-evolution simulation can be seen here.[1]

The probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics thus stems from the act of measurement. This is one of the most difficult aspects of quantum systems to understand. It was the central topic in the famous Bohr-Einstein debates, in which the two scientists attempted to clarify these fundamental principles by way of thought experiments. In the decades after the formulation of quantum mechanics, the question of what constitutes a "measurement" has been extensively studied. Interpretations of quantum mechanics have been formulated to do away with the concept of "wavefunction collapse"; see, for example, the relative state interpretation. The basic idea is that when a quantum system interacts with a measuring apparatus, their respective wavefunctions become entangled, so that the original quantum system ceases to exist as an independent entity. For details, see the article on measurement in quantum mechanics.[35]

[edit] Mathematical formulation
Main article: Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
See also: Quantum logic
In the mathematically rigorous formulation of quantum mechanics, developed by Paul Dirac[36] and John von Neumann[37], the possible states of a quantum mechanical system are represented by unit vectors (called "state vectors") residing in a complex separable Hilbert space (variously called the "state space" or the "associated Hilbert space" of the system) well defined up to a complex number of norm 1 (the phase factor). In other words, the possible states are points in the projectivization of a Hilbert space, usually called the complex projective space. The exact nature of this Hilbert space is dependent on the system; for example, the state space for position and momentum states is the space of square-integrable functions, while the state space for the spin of a single proton is just the product of two complex planes. Each observable is represented by a maximally-Hermitian (precisely: by a self-adjoint) linear operator acting on the state space. Each eigenstate of an observable corresponds to an eigenvector of the operator, and the associated eigenvalue corresponds to the value of the observable in that eigenstate. If the operator's spectrum is discrete, the observable can only attain those discrete eigenvalues.

The time evolution of a quantum state is described by the Schrödinger equation, in which the Hamiltonian, the operator corresponding to the total energy of the system, generates time evolution.

The inner product between two state vectors is a complex number known as a probability amplitude. During a measurement, the probability that a system collapses from a given initial state to a particular eigenstate is given by the square of the absolute value of the probability amplitudes between the initial and final states. The possible results of a measurement are the eigenvalues of the operator - which explains the choice of Hermitian operators, for which all the eigenvalues are real. We can find the probability distribution of an observable in a given state by computing the spectral decomposition of the corresponding operator. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is represented by the statement that the operators corresponding to certain observables do not commute.

The Schrödinger equation acts on the entire probability amplitude, not merely its absolute value. Whereas the absolute value of the probability amplitude encodes information about probabilities, its phase encodes information about the interference between quantum states. This gives rise to the wave-like behavior of quantum states.

It turns out that analytic solutions of Schrödinger's equation are only available for a small number of model Hamiltonians, of which the quantum harmonic oscillator, the particle in a box, the hydrogen molecular ion and the hydrogen atom are the most important representatives. Even the helium atom, which contains just one more electron than hydrogen, defies all attempts at a fully analytic treatment. There exist several techniques for generating approximate solutions. For instance, in the method known as perturbation theory one uses the analytic results for a simple quantum mechanical model to generate results for a more complicated model related to the simple model by, for example, the addition of a weak potential energy. Another method is the "semi-classical equation of motion" approach, which applies to systems for which quantum mechanics produces weak deviations from classical behavior. The deviations can be calculated based on the classical motion. This approach is important for the field of quantum chaos.

An alternative formulation of quantum mechanics is Feynman's path integral formulation, in which a quantum-mechanical amplitude is considered as a sum over histories between initial and final states; this is the quantum-mechanical counterpart of action principles in classical mechanics.

[edit] Interactions with other scientific theories
The fundamental rules of quantum mechanics are very deep. They assert that the state space of a system is a Hilbert space and the observables are Hermitian operators acting on that space, but do not tell us which Hilbert space or which operators, or if it even exists. These must be chosen appropriately in order to obtain a quantitative description of a quantum system. An important guide for making these choices is the correspondence principle, which states that the predictions of quantum mechanics reduce to those of classical physics when a system moves to higher energies or equivalently, larger quantum numbers. In other words, classic mechanics is simply a quantum mechanics of large systems. This "high energy" limit is known as the classical or correspondence limit. One can therefore start from an established classical model of a particular system, and attempt to guess the underlying quantum model that gives rise to the classical model in the correspondence limit.

Unsolved problems in physics: In the correspondence limit of quantum mechanics: Is there a preferred interpretation of quantum mechanics? How does the quantum description of reality, which includes elements such as the "superposition of states" and "wavefunction collapse", give rise to the reality we perceive?When quantum mechanics was originally formulated, it was applied to models whose correspondence limit was non-relativistic classical mechanics. For instance, the well-known model of the quantum harmonic oscillator uses an explicitly non-relativistic expression for the kinetic energy of the oscillator, and is thus a quantum version of the classical harmonic oscillator.

Early attempts to merge quantum mechanics with special relativity involved the replacement of the Schrödinger equation with a covariant equation such as the Klein-Gordon equation or the Dirac equation. While these theories were successful in explaining many experimental results, they had certain unsatisfactory qualities stemming from their neglect of the relativistic creation and annihilation of particles. A fully relativistic quantum theory required the development of quantum field theory, which applies quantization to a field rather than a fixed set of particles. The first complete quantum field theory, quantum electrodynamics, provides a fully quantum description of the electromagnetic interaction.

The full apparatus of quantum field theory is often unnecessary for describing electrodynamic systems. A simpler approach, one employed since the inception of quantum mechanics, is to treat charged particles as quantum mechanical objects being acted on by a classical electromagnetic field. For example, the elementary quantum model of the hydrogen atom describes the electric field of the hydrogen atom using a classical Coulomb potential. This "semi-classical" approach fails if quantum fluctuations in the electromagnetic field play an important role, such as in the emission of photons by charged particles.

Quantum field theories for the strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force have been developed. The quantum field theory of the strong nuclear force is called quantum chromodynamics, and describes the interactions of the subnuclear particles: quarks and gluons. The weak nuclear force and the electromagnetic force were unified, in their quantized forms, into a single quantum field theory known as electroweak theory, by the physicists Carl Jamieson, Sheldon Glashow and Steven Weinberg.

It has proven difficult to construct quantum models of gravity, the remaining fundamental force. Semi-classical approximations are workable, and have led to predictions such as Hawking radiation. However, the formulation of a complete theory of quantum gravity is hindered by apparent incompatibilities between general relativity, the most accurate theory of gravity currently known, and some of the fundamental assumptions of quantum theory. The resolution of these incompatibilities is an area of active research, and theories such as string theory are among the possible candidates for a future theory of quantum gravity.

[edit] Example
Main article: Particle in a box
The particle in a 1-dimensional potential energy box is the most simple example where restraints lead to the quantization of energy levels. The box is defined as zero potential energy inside a certain interval and infinite everywhere outside that interval. For the 1-dimensional case in the x direction, the time-independent Schrödinger equation can be written as:[38]

The general solutions are:

or

(by Euler's formula).
The presence of the walls of the box restricts the acceptable solutions of the wavefunction. At each wall:

Consider x = 0

sin 0 = 0, cos 0 = 1. To satisfy the cos term has to be removed. Hence D = 0.
Now consider:

at x = L,
If C = 0 then for all x. This would conflict with the Born interpretation
therefore sin kL = 0 must be satisfied, yielding the condition.

In this situation, n must be an integer showing the quantization of the energy levels.

[edit] Attempts at a unified field theory
Main article: Grand unified theory
As of 2009 the quest for unifying the fundamental forces through quantum mechanics is still ongoing. Quantum electrodynamics (or "quantum electromagnetism"), which is currently the most accurately tested physical theory, [39] has been successfully merged with the weak nuclear force into the electroweak force and work is currently being done to merge the electroweak and strong force into the electrostrong force. Current predictions state that at around 1014 GeV the three aforementioned forces are fused into a single unified field,[40] Beyond this "grand unification", it is speculated that it may be possible to merge gravity with the other three gauge symmetries, expected to occur at roughly 1019 GeV. However -and while special relativity is parsimoniously incorporated into quantum electrodynamics- the expanded general relativity, currently the best theory describing the gravitation force, has not been incorporated into quantum theory at all.

[edit] Relativity and quantum mechanics
Main articles: Quantum gravity and Theory of everything

Even with the defining postulates of both Einstein's theory of general relativity and quantum theory being indisputably supported by rigorous and repeated empirical evidence and while they do not directly contradict each other theoretically (at least with regard to primary claims), they are resistant to being incorporated within one cohesive model.[41]

Einstein himself is well known for rejecting some of the claims of quantum mechanics. While clearly contributing to the field, he did not accept the more philosophical consequences and interpretations of quantum mechanics, such as the lack of deterministic causality and the assertion that a single subatomic particle can occupy numerous areas of space at one time. He also was the first to notice some of the apparently exotic consequences of entanglement and used them to formulate the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox, in the hope of showing that quantum mechanics had unacceptable implications. This was 1935, but in 1964 it was shown by John Bell (see Bell inequality) that Einstein's assumption was correct, but had to be completed by hidden variables and thus based on wrong philosophical assumptions. According to the paper of J. Bell and the Copenhagen interpretation (the common interpretation of quantum mechanics by physicists for decades), and contrary to Einstein's ideas, quantum mechanics was

neither a "realistic" theory (since quantum measurements do not state pre-existing properties, but rather they prepare properties)
nor a local theory (essentially not, because the state vector determines simultaneously the probability amplitudes at all sites, ).
The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox shows in any case that there exist experiments by which one can measure the state of one particle and instantaneously change the state of its entangled partner, although the two particles can be an arbitrary distance apart; however, this effect does not violate causality, since no transfer of information happens. These experiments are the basis of some of the most topical applications of the theory, quantum cryptography, which works well, although at small distances of typically 1000 km, being on the market since 2004.

Gravity is negligible in many areas of particle physics, so that unification between general relativity and quantum mechanics is not an urgent issue in those applications. However, the lack of a correct theory of quantum gravity is an important issue in cosmology and physicists search for an elegant "Theory of Everything". Thus, resolving the inconsistencies between both theories has been a major goal of twentieth- and twenty-first-century physics. Many prominent physicists, including Professor Stephen Hawking, have labored in the attempt to discover a theory underlying everything, combining not only different models of subatomic physics, but also deriving the universe's four forces —the strong force, electromagnetism, weak force, and gravity— from a single force or phenomenon. One of the leading minds in this field is Edward Witten, a theoretical physicist who formulated the groundbreaking M-theory, which is an attempt at describing the supersymmetrical based string theory.

[edit] Applications
Quantum mechanics has had enormous success in explaining many of the features of our world. The individual behaviour of the subatomic particles that make up all forms of matter—electrons, protons, neutrons, photons and others—can often only be satisfactorily described using quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics has strongly influenced string theory, a candidate for a theory of everything (see reductionism) and the multiverse hypothesis. It is also related to statistical mechanics.

Quantum mechanics is important for understanding how individual atoms combine covalently to form chemicals or molecules. The application of quantum mechanics to chemistry is known as quantum chemistry. (Relativistic) quantum mechanics can in principle mathematically describe most of chemistry. Quantum mechanics can provide quantitative insight into ionic and covalent bonding processes by explicitly showing which molecules are energetically favorable to which others, and by approximately how much.[42] Most of the calculations performed in computational chemistry rely on quantum mechanics.[43]

Much of modern technology operates at a scale where quantum effects are significant. Examples include the laser, the transistor, the electron microscope, and magnetic resonance imaging. The study of semiconductors led to the invention of the diode and the transistor, which are indispensable for modern electronics.

Researchers are currently seeking robust methods of directly manipulating quantum states. Efforts are being made to develop quantum cryptography, which will allow guaranteed secure transmission of information. A more distant goal is the development of quantum computers, which are expected to perform certain computational tasks exponentially faster than classical computers. Another active research topic is quantum teleportation, which deals with techniques to transmit quantum states over arbitrary distances.

In many devices, even the simple light switch, quantum tunneling is vital, as otherwise the electrons in the electric current could not penetrate the potential barrier made up, in the case of the light switch, of a layer of oxide. Flash memory chips found in USB drives also use quantum tunneling to erase their memory cells.

[edit] Philosophical consequences
Main article: Interpretation of quantum mechanics
Since its inception, the many counter-intuitive results of quantum mechanics have provoked strong philosophical debate and many interpretations. Even fundamental issues such as Max Born's basic rules concerning probability amplitudes and probability distributions took decades to be appreciated.

The Copenhagen interpretation, due largely to the Danish theoretical physicist Niels Bohr, is the interpretation of quantum mechanics most widely accepted amongst physicists. According to it, the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics predictions cannot be explained in terms of some other deterministic theory, and does not simply reflect our limited knowledge. Quantum mechanics provides probabilistic results because the physical universe is itself probabilistic rather than deterministic.

Albert Einstein, himself one of the founders of quantum theory, disliked this loss of determinism in measurement (this dislike is the source of his famous quote, "God does not play dice with the universe."). Einstein held that there should be a local hidden variable theory underlying quantum mechanics and that, consequently, the present theory was incomplete. He produced a series of objections to the theory, the most famous of which has become known as the EPR paradox. John Bell showed that the EPR paradox led to experimentally testable differences between quantum mechanics and local realistic theories. Experiments have been performed confirming the accuracy of quantum mechanics, thus demonstrating that the physical world cannot be described by local realistic theories.[44] The Bohr-Einstein debates provide a vibrant critique of the Copenhagen Interpretation from an epistemological point of view.

The Everett many-worlds interpretation, formulated in 1956, holds that all the possibilities described by quantum theory simultaneously occur in a "multiverse" composed of mostly independent parallel universes.[45] This is not accomplished by introducing some new axiom to quantum mechanics, but on the contrary by removing the axiom of the collapse of the wave packet: All the possible consistent states of the measured system and the measuring apparatus (including the observer) are present in a real physical (not just formally mathematical, as in other interpretations) quantum superposition. (Such a superposition of consistent state combinations of different systems is called an entangled state.) While the multiverse is deterministic, we perceive non-deterministic behavior governed by probabilities, because we can observe only the universe, i.e. the consistent state contribution to the mentioned superposition, we inhabit. Everett's interpretation is perfectly consistent with John Bell's experiments and makes them intuitively understandable. However, according to the theory of quantum decoherence, the parallel universes will never be accessible to us. This inaccessibility can be understood as follows: once a measurement is done, the measured system becomes entangled with both the physicist who measured it and a huge number of other particles, some of which are photons flying away towards the other end of the universe; in order to prove that the wave function did not collapse one would have to bring all these particles back and measure them again, together with the system that was measured originally. This is completely impractical, but even if one could theoretically do this, it would destroy any evidence that the original measurement took place (including the physicist's memory).

[edit] See also
Bohm interpretation
Copenhagen interpretation
Correspondence rules
EPR paradox
Fine-structure constant
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
Introduction to quantum mechanics
Many-worlds interpretation
Measurement in quantum mechanics
Measurement problem
Photon dynamics in the double-slit experiment
Photon polarization
Quantum chaos
Quantum chemistry
Quantum chemistry computer programs
Quantum chromodynamics
Quantum computers
Quantum decoherence
Quantum electrochemistry
Quantum electronics
Quantum field theory
Quantum information
Quantum mind[46]
Quantum optics
Quantum pseudo-telepathy
Quantum thermodynamics
Quantum triviality
Quantum Zeno effect
Quantum spectrum
Quasi-set theory
Relation between Schrödinger's equation and the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics
Schrödinger's cat
Theoretical and experimental justification for the Schrödinger equation
Theoretical chemistry
Trojan wave packet"

 

 

Quantum mind - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Quantum mind theories are based on the premise that quantum mechanics is necessary to fully understand the mind and brain, particularly concerning an ...

Introduction - Motivation - Examples of theories - Ongoing Debate
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Quantum mind
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Quantum mind theories are based on the premise that quantum mechanics is necessary to fully understand the mind and brain, particularly concerning an explanation of consciousness. This approach is considered a minority opinion in science, although it does have the support of the well-known Roger Penrose, who has proposed a quantum mind theory in conjunction with Stuart Hameroff. Karl H. Pribram and Henry Stapp have also proposed variations.

Contents [hide]
1 Introduction
2 Motivation
2.1 Consciousness Banished
2.2 Minimization of Mystery
3 Examples of theories
3.1 David Bohm
3.2 Gustav Bernroider
3.3 David Chalmers
3.4 Roger Penrose
3.5 Evan Harris Walker
3.6 Henry Stapp
3.7 Quantum Brain Dynamics
3.8 Quantum Evidence
4 Ongoing Debate
4.1 Science
4.2 Philosophy
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links

[edit] Introduction
The quantum mind hypothesis proposes that classical mechanics cannot fully explain consciousness and suggests that quantum mechanical phenomena such as quantum entanglement and superposition may play an important part in the brain's function and could form the basis of an explanation of consciousness.

Supporters of the quantum mind hypothesis have not submitted any evidence to support its claims for peer review, but the hypothesis has also not been falsified. As such, the hypothesis is still in its early phases.

[edit] Motivation

[edit] Consciousness Banished
A common argument underlying the quantum mind thesis is that classical mechanics cannot explain consciousness, if only because Galileo and Newton (together with later thinkers, viz.: Locke, Hobbes and Descartes) excluded the secondary qualities from the physical world[citation needed].

Fritjof Capra writes:

To make it possible for scientists to describe nature mathematically, Galileo postulated that they should restrict themselves to studying the essential properties of material bodies—shapes, numbers, and movement—which could be measured and quantified. Other properties, like color, sound, taste, or smell, were merely subjective mental projections which should be excluded from the domain of science. [1]

Proponents of the Quantum mind state that perceived qualities such as sound, taste and smell are an essential part of the human experience and therefore cannot be discounted. They posit that classical mechanics fails to account for the experience of such phenomena. Similarly, they hypothesize that the internal experiences of consciousness, such as dreaming and memory, all of which are 'part and parcel' of everyday human experience remain unaccounted for.

[edit] Minimization of Mystery
Philosopher David Chalmers states that the motivation for Quantum Mind theories is: "a Law of Minimization of Mystery: consciousness is mysterious and quantum mechanics is mysterious, so maybe the two mysteries have a common source. Nevertheless, quantum theories of consciousness suffer from the same difficulties as neural or computational theories." [2]

[edit] Examples of theories

[edit] David Bohm
David Bohm took the view that quantum theory and relativity contradicted one another, and that this contradiction implied that there existed a more fundamental level in the physical universe[3][dead link]. He claimed that both quantum theory and relativity pointed towards this deeper theory. This more fundamental level was supposed to represent an undivided wholeness and an implicate order, from which arose the explicate order of the universe as we experience it.

Bohm's implicate order applies both to matter and consciousness, and he proposed that it could explain the relationship between them. Mind and matter are here seen as projections into our explicate order from the underlying reality of the implicate order. Bohm claims that when we look at the matter in space, we can see nothing in these concepts that helps us to understand consciousness.

In Bohm's scheme there is a fundamental level where consciousness is not distinct from matter. Bohm's view of consciousness is connected to Karl Pribram's holographic conception of the brain [4][5][dead link]. Pribram regards sight and the other senses as lenses without which the other senses would appear as a hologram. Pribram proposes that information is recorded all over the brain, and that it is enfolded into a whole, similar to a hologram. It is suggested that memories are connected by association and manipulated by logical thought. If the brain is also receiving sensory input all these are proposed to unite in overall experience or consciousness.

In trying to describe the nature of consciousness, Bohm discusses the experience of listening to music. He thinks that the feeling of movement and change that make up our experience of music derives from both the immediate past and the present being held in the brain together, with the notes from the past seen as transformations rather than memories. The notes that were implicate in the immediate past are seen as becoming explicate in the present. Bohm compares this to consciousness emerging from the implicate order.

Bohm sees the movement, change or flow and also the coherence of experiences such as listening to music as a manifestation of the implicate order. He claims to derive evidence for this from the work of Piaget[6] in studying infants. He claims that these studies show that young children have to learn about time and space, because they are part of the explicate order, but have a 'hard-wired' understanding of movement because it is part of the implicate order. He compares this 'hard-wiring' to Chomsky's theory that grammar is 'hard-wired' into young human brains. In his writings, Bohm never proposed any specific brain mechanism by which his implicate order could emerge in a way that was relevant to consciousness.

[edit] Gustav Bernroider
Recent papers by physicist Gustav Bernroider, have indicated that he thinks that Bohm's implicate-explicate structure can account for the relationship between neural processes and consciousness[7]. In a paper published in 2005 Bernroider elaborated his proposals for the physical basis of this process[8]. The main thrust of his paper was the argument that quantum coherence may be sustained in ion channels for long enough to be relevant for neural processes and the channels could be entangled with surrounding lipids and proteins and with other channels in the same membrane. Ion channels regulate the electrical potential across the axon membrane and thus play a central role in the brain's information processing.

Bernroider bases his work on recent studies of the potassium (K+)ion channel in its closed state and draws particularly on the atomic-level spectroscopy work of the MacKinnon group [9][10][11][12][13]. The ion channels have a filter region which allows in K+ ions and bars other ions. These studies show that the filter region has a framework of five sets of four oxygen atoms, which are part of the carboxyl group of amino-acid molecules in the surrounding protein. These are referred to as binding pockets. Two K+ ions are trapped in the selection filter of the closed ion channel. Each of these ions is electrostatically bound to two sets of oxygen atoms or binding pockets, involving eight oxygen atoms in total. Both ions in the channel oscillate between two configurations.

Bernroider uses this recently revealed structure to speculate about the possibility of quantum coherence in the ion channels. Bernroider and co-author Sisir Roy's calculations suggested to them that the behaviour of the ions in the K channel could only be understood at the quantum level. Taking this as their starting point, they then ask whether the structure of the ion channel can be related to logic states. Further calculations lead them to suggest that the K+ ions and the oxygen atoms of the binding pockets are two quantum-entangled sub-systems, which they then equate to a quantum computational mapping. The ions that are destined to be expelled from the channel are proposed to encode information about the state of the oxygen atoms. It is further proposed the separate ion channels could be quantum entangled with one another.

[edit] David Chalmers
The philosopher David Chalmers has speculated on a number of ways in which quantum mechanics might relate to consciousness.

One possibility is that instead of postulating novel properties, physics might end up appealing to consciousness itself, in the way that some theorists but not all, hold that quantum mechanics does. [14]

The collapse dynamics leaves a door wide open for an interactionist interpretation. [15]

The most promising version of such an interpretation allows conscious states to be correlated with the total quantum state of a system, with the extra constraint that conscious states (unlike physical states) can never be superposed. In a conscious physical system such as a brain, the physical and phenomenal states of the system will be correlated in a (nonsuperposed) quantum state. Upon observation of a superposed external system, Schrödinger evolution at the moment of observation would cause the observed system to become correlated with the brain, yielding a resulting superposition of brain states and so (by psychophysical correlation) a superposition of conscious states. But such a superposition cannot occur, so one of the potential resulting conscious states is somehow selected (presumably by a nondeterministic dynamic principle at the phenomenal level). The result is that (by psychophysical correlation) a definite brain state and a definite state of the observed object are also selected. [16]

If physics is supposed to rule out interactionism, then careful attention to the detail of physical theory is required. [17]

[edit] Roger Penrose
In The Emperor's New Mind and Shadows of the Mind, Penrose argues that

1. Humans have abilities, particularly mathematical ones, that no algorithmic computer (specifically Turing machine) could have, because computers are limited by Gödel's incompleteness theorem. In other words, he believes humans are hypercomputers. (The argument was originally due to John Lucas.)

Gödel demonstrated that with any recursively enumerable set of axioms capable of expressing Peano arithmetic, it was possible to produce a statement that was obviously true, but could not be proved by the axioms. The theorem enjoys general acceptance in the mathematical community[18].

Penrose, however, built a further and highly controversial argument on this theorem. He argued that the theorem showed that the brain had the ability to go beyond what can be demonstrated by mathematical axioms, and therefore there is something within the functioning of the brain that is not based on an algorithm (a system of calculations). A computer is just a system of algorithms, and Penrose claimed that Gödel's theorem demonstrated that brains could perform functions that no computer could perform.

Penrose is not interested in explaining phenomenal consciousness, qualia, generally regarded as the most mysterious feature of consciousness, but instead focuses mainly on the cognitive powers of mathematicians.

These assertions have been vigorously contested by many critics and notably by the philosophers Churchland and Grush[19][20]. The theory has been much criticised [21] [22] [23].

2. This would require some new physics. Penrose postulates that the currently unknown process underlying quantum collapse supplies the non-algorithmic element.

The random choice of, for instance, the position of a particle, which is involved in the collapse of the wave function was the only physical process that Penrose could find, which was not based on an algorithm. However, randomness was not a promising basis for the quality of mathematical judgement highlighted by his Gödel theorem argument.

But Penrose went on to propose that when the wave function did not collapse as a result of a measurement or decoherence in the environment, there could be an alternative form of wave function collapse, which he called objective reduction (OR). In this, each quantum superposition has its own space time geometry. When these become separated by more than the Planck length, they are affected by gravity, become unstable and collapse. OR is strikingly different both from the traditional orthodoxy of Niels Bohr's Copenhagen interpretation of quantum theory and from some more modern theories which avoid wave function collapse altogether such as Many-worlds interpretation or some forms of Quantum decoherence theory.

Penrose further proposes that OR is neither random nor governed by an algorithm, but is 'non-computational', selecting information embedded in the fundamental level of space time geometry.

3. Collapse requires a coherent superposed state to work on. Penrose borrows Stuart Hameroff's proposal about microtubules to supply this.

Initially, Penrose had lacked any detailed proposals for how OR could occur in the brain. Later on cooperation with Stuart Hameroff [24] supplied this side of the theory. Microtubules were central to Hameroff's proposals. These are the core element of the cytoskeleton, which provides a supportive structure and performs various functions in body cells. In additions to these functions, it was now proposed that the microtubules could support macroscopic quantum features known as Bose-Einstein condensates. It was also suggested that these condensates could link with other neurons via gap junctions. This is claimed to permit quantum coherence to extend over a large area of the brain. It is suggested that when one of these areas of quantum coherence collapses, there is an instance of consciousness, and the brain has access to a non-computational process embedded in the fundamental level of space time geometry.

At the same time, it was postulated that conventional synaptic activity influences and is influenced by the activity in the microtubules. This part of the process is referred to as 'orchestration' hence the theory is called Orchestrated Objective Reduction or more commonly Orch OR.

Hameroff's proposals like those of Penrose attracted much criticism. However the most cogent attack on Orch OR and quantum mind theories in general was the view that conditions in the brain would lead to any quantum coherence decohering too quickly for it to be relevant to neural processes. This general criticism is discussed in the Science section below.

[edit] Evan Harris Walker
Information theory is concerned with the capacity to contain or carry information. Is there such a thing as a conscious field and a conscious channel capacity?

Information theory is concerned with the measurement of information in terms of logarithmic probability—how many bits of information does it take to represent a certain type of information such as, let’s say, the letter “T” in print. Since we don’t know all the possible permutations or “combinations” of such a question we use statistical probability in order to be very accurate in our measurements. We add up all the logarithmic contributions of each possible symbol being measured in terms of its chance of occurrence. It is expressed as log₂P. This gives us an informational field potential.

A physicist, Evan Harris Walker developed a scientific theory about how the brain might, at quantum levels, process information. In his book, The Physics of Consciousness, he adds log₂P to Schrödinger’s equation. What he demonstrates mathematically is that when information is measured by consciousness and will channel capacities in terms of a closed loop, it forces one real solution only when one probable state happens and all other possible states disappear. He offers/proposes physical evidence that this process is occurring in the brain.

[edit] Henry Stapp
Physically, Henry Stapp's approach is aligned with objective collapse theory, in that the deterministic evolution of the wave function, and its indeterministic collapse are seen as two real and ontologically distinct phenomena. Collapse events occurring within the brain — the mind's observation or measurement of the brain — are particularly important. Since Stapp sees collapse as a mental process and the deterministic evolution of brain states as physical, his approach is philosophically aligned with interactionist dualism. The process by which collapse selects an actuality from a set of possibilities is seen by Stapp as literally a process of choice, and not merely a random dice-throw. His approach has implications with regard to time. Since the future depends on decisions in the present, it is not pre-existing, as in the block universe theory; rather there is an evolving universe in which subjects participate, as in Whitehead's metaphysics. [25]

Stapp envisages consciousness as exercising top-level control over neural excitation in the brain. Quantum brain events are suggested to occur at the whole brain level, and are seen as being selected from the large-scale excitation of the brain. The neural excitations are viewed as a code, and each conscious experience as a selection from this code. The brain, in this theory, is proposed to be a self-programming computer with a self-sustaining input from memory, which is itself a code derived from previous experience. This process results in a number of probabilities from which consciousness has to select. The conscious act is a selection of a piece of top-level code, which then exercises ongoing control over the flow of neural excitation. This process refers to the top levels of brain activity involved with information gathering, planning and the monitoring of the execution of plans. Conscious events are proposed to be capable of grasping a whole pattern of activity, thus accounting for the unity of consciousness, and providing a solution to the 'binding problem'.

Stapp's version of the conscious brain is proposed to be a system that is internally determined in a way that cannot be represented outside the system, whereas for the rest of the physical universe an external representation plus a knowledge of the laws of physics allows an accurate prediction of future events.

Stapp proposes that the proof of his theory requires the identification of the neurons that provide the top-level code and also the process by which memory is turned into additional top-level code.

[edit] Quantum Brain Dynamics
The ideas behind QBD derived originally from the physicists, Hiroomi Umezawa[26], and Herbert Frohlich[27] in the 1960s. In recent decades these ideas have been elaborated and given greater prominence by younger physicists such as Mari Jibu[28], Kunio Yasue[29] and Giuseppe Vitiello[30]. In quantum brain dynamics (QBD), the electrical dipoles of the water molecules that constitute 70% of the brain are proposed to constitute a quantum field, known here as the cortical field. The quanta of this field are described as corticons. In the theory, this field interacts with quantum coherent waves generated by biomolecules in the neurons and propagating along the neuronal network.

Frohlich is the source of the idea that quantum coherent waves could be generated in the neuronal network. Frohlich argued that it was not clear how order could be sustained in living systems given the disruptive influence of the fluctuations in biochemical processes. He viewed the electric potential across the neuron membrane as the observable feature of some form of underlying quantum order. His studies claimed to show that with an oscillating charge in a thermal bath, large numbers of quanta may condense into a single state known as a Bose condensate. This state allows long-range correlation amongst the dipoles involved. Further to this, biomolecules were proposed to line up along actin filaments (part of the cytoskeleton) and dipole oscillations propagate along the filaments as quantum coherent waves. This now has some experimental support in the form of confirmation that biomolecules with high electric dipole moment have been shown to have a periodic oscillation[31]. Vitiello also argues that the ordered chains of chemical reactions on which biological tissues depend would collapse without some form of quantum ordering, which in QBD is described by quantum field theory rather than quantum mechanics.

Vitiello provides citations, which are claimed to support his view of biological tissue. These include studies of radiation effect on cell growth[32],response to external stimuli[33], non-linear tunnelling[34],coherent nuclear motion in membrane proteins[35],optical coherence in biological systems[36], energy transfer via solitons and coherent excitations[37].

QBD proposes that the cortical field not only interacts with, but also to a good extent controls the neuronal network. It suggests that biomolecular waves propagate along the actin filaments in the area of the cell membranes and dendritic spines. The waves derive energy from ATP molecules stored in the cell membrane and control the ion channels, which in turn regulate the flow of signals to the synapses. Vitiello claims that QBD does not require quantum oscillations to last as long as the actual time to decoherence.

The proponents of QBD differ somewhat as the exact way in which it produces consciousness. Jibu and Yasue think that the interaction between the energy quanta of the cortical field and the biomolecular waves of the neuronal network, particularly the dendritic part of the network, is what produces consciousness. On the other hand, Vitiello thinks that the quantum states involved in QBD produce two poles, a subjective representation of the external world and a self. This self opens itself to the representation of the external world. Consciousness is, in this theory, not in either the self or the external representation, but between the two in the opening of one to the other.

[edit] Quantum Evidence
Concerning the question where quantum events could be effective in the complex cortical structure and brain dynamics, it is outlined that professors Friedrich Beck and John C. Eccles developed a model for quantal emission process at the synaptic cleft with reasonable results. These authors also discussed in detail the problem of elementary microscopic processes in protein complexes able to survive thermal fluctuations. Quantum evidence was also reached by the physicist Evan Harris Walker. Under the mental-psychological profile, in years from 2003 to 2009, the professors Elio Conte, Andrei Yuri Khrennikov, Orlando Todarello, Antonio Federici, Joseph P. Zbilut, have performed a number of experiments reaching evidence on possible existence of quantum interference effects on mental states during human perception and cognition of ambiguous figures. See further reading[13, 14, 15, 16]. These authors have also realized theoretical contributions on the analysis of quantum interference effects in mental states, and on time dynamics of cognitive entities[13, 14, 15, 16].

Physicists at the University of California, Berkeley believe they have discovered that green plants perform quantum computation in order to capture the sun's light through photosynthesis—evidence of quantum coherence in a living system.[38] Stuart Hameroff noted, in October 2000, that quantum coherence—although, by its mere occurrence in the brain not sufficient to prove its supposed central role in consciousness—had nevertheless been observed. This, he claimed, was significant because so much of the criticism of his model had "come under sharp criticism due to the issue of decoherence, and the question of whether quantum processes of significance can exist in the brain at physiological temperature." (Quantum Mind archives, October 2000 - (11.))

[edit] Ongoing Debate

[edit] Science
The main argument against the quantum mind proposition is that the structures of the brain are much too large for quantum effects to be important. It is impossible for coherent quantum states to form for very long in the brain and impossible for them to exist at scales on the order of the size of neurons. Price, for example, says that quantum effects rarely or never affect human decisions and that classical physics determines the behaviour of Neurons.

In quantum terms each neuron is an essentially classical object. Consequently quantum noise in the brain is at such a low level that it probably doesn't often alter, except very rarely, the critical mechanistic behaviour of sufficient neurons to cause a decision to be different than we might otherwise expect. (...)

—Michael Clive Price[1]
This does not imply that classical mechanics can explain consciousness, but that quantum effects including superposition and entanglement are insignificant.

One well-known critic of the quantum mind is Max Tegmark. Based on his calculations, Tegmark concluded that quantum systems in the brain decohere quickly and cannot control brain function, "This conclusion disagrees with suggestions by Penrose and others that the brain acts as a quantum computer, and that quantum coherence is related to consciousness in a fundamental way"[39]

Proponents of quantum consciousness theories have sought to defend them against Tegmark's criticism. In respect of QBD, Vitiello has argued that Tegmark's work applies to theories based on quantum mechanics but not to those such as QBD that are based on quantum field theory. In respect of Penrose and Hameroff's Orch OR theory, Hameroff along with Hagan and Tuszynski replied to Tegmark[40]. They claimed that Tegmark based his calculations on a model that was different from Orch OR. It is argued that in the Orch OR model the microtubules are shielded from decoherence by ordered water. Energy pumping as a result of thermal disequilibrium, Debye layer screening and quantum error correction, deriving from the geometry of the microtubule lattice are also proposed as possible sources of shielding. Similarly, in his extension of Bohm's ideas, Bernroider has claimed that the binding pockets in the ion selection filters could protect against decoherence[41]. So far, however, there has been no experimental confirmation of the ability of the features mentioned above to protect against decoherence.

[edit] Philosophy
Another line of criticism is that no physical theory is well suited to explaining consciousness, particularly in its most problematical form, phenomenal consciousness or qualia, known as the hard problem of consciousness.[42] It is not so much that colours and tastes and feelings—qualia or secondary qualities—have been deliberately banished, but more that they cannot be captured in any mathematical description, which means they cannot be explicitly represented in physics, since all physical theory is expressed in mathematical language (as explained in Eugene Wigner's famous paper The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences). If no physical theory can express qualia, no physical theory can fully explain consciousness. Replacing the mathematical apparatus of classical physics with the mathematical apparatus of quantum mechanics is therefore of no help in understanding consciousness, and indeed there is no known example of a quantum equation which encapsulates a taste or colour.

As David Chalmers puts it:

Nevertheless, quantum theories of consciousness suffer from the same difficulties as neural or computational theories. Quantum phenomena have some remarkable functional properties, such as nondeterminism and nonlocality. It is natural to speculate that these properties may play some role in the explanation of cognitive functions, such as random choice and the integration of information, and this hypothesis cannot be ruled out a priori. But when it comes to the explanation of experience, quantum processes are in the same boat as any other. The question of why these processes should give rise to experience is entirely unanswered. [2]

Other philosophers, such as Patricia and Paul Churchland and Daniel Dennett[43] reject the idea that there is anything puzzling about consciousness in the first place.

[edit] See also
Bohm interpretation of quantum mechanics
Consciousness causes collapse interpretation of quantum mechanics
Electromagnetic theories of consciousness
Evolutionary neuroscience
Hard problem of consciousness
Holonomic brain theory
Mechanism (philosophy)
Roger Penrose's Quantum Mind theory
Quantum brain dynamics
Theory of mind
[edit] Notes
1.^ Capra, F. The Turning Point
2.^ a b Chalmers, D. Facing up to the Problem of Consciousness
3.^ Bohm 2005
4.^ Pribram 1991
5.^ #Reference-idPribram1999
6.^ Piaget 1956
7.^ Bernroider 2003
8.^ Bernroider 2005
9.^ Jiang 2003
10.^ Jiang 2003
11.^ Zhou 2001
12.^ Morais-Cabral 2001
13.^ Doyle 1998
14.^ Chalmers, D. Consciousness and its Place in Nature
15.^ Chalmers, D. Consciousness and its Place in Nature
16.^ Chalmers, D. Consciousness and its Place in Nature
17.^ Chalmers, D. Consciousness and its Place in Nature
18.^ Nagel 1958
19.^ #Reference-idGrush1995
20.^ Churchland 1996
21.^ Georgiev, Danko. Falsifications of Hameroff-Penrose Orch OR Model of Consciousness and Novel Avenues for Development of Quantum Mind Theory
22.^ Review of Penrose, The Emperor's New Mind
23.^ Puttnam, H. Review of Penrose, The Emperor's New Mind
24.^ Hameroff 1987
25.^ stapp, H. Quantum Approaches to Consciousness
26.^ Ricciardi 1967
27.^ Frohlich 1968
28.^ Jibu 1995
29.^ Jibu 1995
30.^ Vitiello 2001
31.^ Gray 1989
32.^ Grundler 1992
33.^ Kaiser 1988
34.^ Huth 1984
35.^ Vos 1993
36.^ Li 1983
37.^ Huth 1989
38.^ Sources:
David Biello (2007-04-13). "When It Comes to Photosynthesis, Plants Perform Quantum Computation". Scientific American. http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=when-it-comes-to-photosynthesis-plants-perform-quantum-computation.
"Quantum Secrets of Photosynthesis Revealed". Research News Berkeley lab. 2007-04-12. http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/PBD-quantum-secrets.html.
"New Quantum Secrets of Photosynthesis". Berkeley lab. 2007-08-06. http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/sabl/2007/Jul/quantumSecrets.html.
39.^ Importance of quantum decoherence in brain processes by Max Tegmark in Phys. Rev. E (2000) Volume 61, pages 4194 - 4206.
40.^ Hagan 2002
41.^ Bernroider 2005
42.^ Saul-Paul Sirag"Consciousness:A Hyperspace View"
43.^ Dennet, D. Facing Backwards on the Problem of Consciousness

[edit] References
Bohm, D.(1980) - Wholeness and the Implicate Order - John Benjamins [2]
Pribram, K.(1991) - Brain and Perception -Lawrence Erlbaum - [3]
Pribram, K.(1999) - Brain and the composition of conscious experience - Journal of Consciousness Studies,6,(5), pp.12-18 [4]
Piaget, J.(1956) - The Origin of Intelligence in the Child - Routledge & Kegan Paul [5]
Bernroider, G.(2003) - Quantum neurodynamics and the relation to conscious experience - Neuroquantology, 2, pp.163-8 [6]
Bernroider, G.& Roy, S.(2005) - Quantum entanglement of K ions, multiple channel states and the role of noise in the brain - SPIE Vol. 5841-29, pp.205-14 [7]
Jiang, Y.,MacKinnon,R.et al. (2003) - X-ray structure of a voltage dependent K+ channel - Nature,423,pp.33-41 [8]
Jiang, Y.MacKinnon,R. et al. (2003) - The principle of gating charge movement in a voltage dependent K+ channel - Nature 423,pp.42-8 [9]
Zhou, Y.,Morais-Cabral, A.,Kaufman, A.& MacKinnon,R.(2001) - Chemistry of ion coordination and hydration revealed in in K+ channel-Fab complex at 2.0 A resolution - Nature,414,pp.43-8 [10]
Morais-Cabral, H.,Zhou, H.& MacKinnon,R.(2001) - Energetic optimisation of ion conduction rates by the K+ selectivity filter - Nature,414,pp.37-42 [11]
Doyle, D.,MacKinnon,R.et al. (1998) - The structure of the potassium channel: Molecular basis of K+ conduction and selectivity - Science,280,pp.69-76 [12]
Ricciardi, L.& Umezawa, H.(1967) - Kybernetik,4,pp.44-48 [13]
Frohlich, H. (1968) - Long range coherence and energy storage in biological systems - International Journal of Quantum Chemistry,2,pp.641-649 [14]
Jibu, M.& Yasue, K (1995) - Quantum Brain Dynamics and Consciousness:Advances in Consciousness Research - John Benjamins
Vitiello, G. (2001) - My Double Unveiled; Advances in Consciousness - John Benjamins [15]
Gray, C.& Singer, W.(1989) - Stimulus specific neuronal oscillations in orientation of cat visual cortex - Proceedings of the National Academy of Science,86,pp.1698-1702 [16]
Grundler & Kaiser (1992) - Experimental evidence for coherent excitations correlated with cell growth - Nanobiology,1,pp.163-176
Kaiser, F. (1988) - Theory of non-linear excitations - In: Frohlich, H. Ed., Biological coherence and response to external stimuli, p.25-48 - Springer Verlag
Huth et al. (1984) - Nonlinear tunneling barrier at high frequencies and their possible logic processing function in biological membranes - In: Adey, R.& Lawrence, A. Eds., Non-linear dynamics in biological systems, pp.227-241 - Plenum
Vos M. et al. (1993) - Visualisation of coherent nuclear motion in a membrane protein by femtosecond spectroscopy - Nature,363,pp.320-335 [17]
Li, K.et al. (1983) - Indications of optical coherence in biological systems - In: Frohlich, H.& Kremer, F. Eds, Coherent excitations in biological systems, pp.117-22 - Springer Verlag
Huth, G.,Gutmann, F.& Vitiello, G.(1989) - The lifetime of coherent excitations - Phys. Lett, A 154,pp.339-42 [18]
Hagan, S.,Hameroff, S.& Tuszynski, J.(2002) - Quantum computation in brain microtubules? Decoherence and biological feasibility - Physical Reviews, E65: 061901 [19]
Nagel, E.& Newman, J. (1958) - Godel's Proof - Routledge
Grush, R.& Churchland, P. (1995) - Gap's in Penrose's Toilings - Journal of Consciousness Studies, 2,(1), pp.10-29 [20]
Churchland, P. (1996) - The Hornswoggle Problem - Journal of Consciousness Studies,3,Nos5-6,pp.218-20 [21]
Hameroff, S. (1987) - Ultimate Computing - Elsevier [22]

[edit] Further reading
Bennett, Charles H., Shor, Peter W., Smolin, John A. and Thapliyal, Ashish V. Entanglement-Assisted Classical Capacity of Noisy Quantum Channels, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 3081–3084 (1999). [23]
Conte, Elio, Todarello, Orlando, Federici, Antonio, Vitiello, Francesco, Lopane, Michele, Khrennikov, Andrei and Joseph P. Zbilut: Some remarks on an experiment suggesting quantum-like behavior of cognitive entities and formulation of an abstract quantum mechanical formalism to describe cognitive entity and its dynamics. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 31 (2007) 1076-1088 [24]
Conte Elio, Khrennikov Yuri Andrei, Todarello Orlando,Federici Antonio, Zbilut Joseph P.: Mental States Follow Quantum Mechanics during Perception and Cognition of Ambiguous Figures. Open Systems & Information Dynamics, (2009),Vol.16, No.1,1-17; available on line PhilPapers,[25].
Conte Elio, Khrennikov Yuri, Todarello Orlando, Federici Antonio, Zbilut Joseph P: On the Existence of Quantum Wave Function and Quantum Interference Effects in Mental States: An Experimental Confirmation during Perception and Cognition in Humans. NeuroQuantology, (2009), First issue 2009 - available on line.[26]
Conte Elio: Exploration of Biological Function by Quantum Mechanics. Proceedings 10th International Congress on Cybernetics, 1983;16-23, Namur-Belgique.
Conte Elio: Testing Quantum Consciousness. NeuroQuantology (2008); 6 (2): 126-139.[27]
Conte Elio, Khrennikov Yuri Andrei, Todarello Orlando, Federici Antonio, Zbilut Joseph P.: A Preliminary Experimental Verification On the Possibility of Bell Inequality Violation in Mental States. NeuroQuantology, (2008); 6 (3): 214-221.[28]
Khrennikov Yuri Andrei: Quantum-like brain: Interference of minds. BioSystems 84, 225-241 (2006). [29]
Khrennikov Yuri Andrei: Information Dynamics in Cognitive, Psychological and Anomalous Phenomena. ser. Fundamental Theories of Physics, Kluwer Academic, 2004.
Conte Elio, Todarello Orlando, Federici Antonio, Zbilut Joseph P.: Mind States follow Quantum Mechanics during Perception and Cognition of Ambiguous Figures: a Final Experimental Confirmation. arXiv:0802.1835 [30]
Flanagan, Brian. Are Perceptual Fields Quantum Fields? [31]
Hodgson, David. The Mind Matters. Oxford University Press, 1993.
Koch, C. and Hepp, K., Quantum mechanics in the brain, Nature 440, 611 (30 March 2006)
Litt et al., Is the Brain a Quantum Computer?, Cognitive Science (2006) [32]
Lockwood, Michael. Mind, Brain and the Quantum. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell Ltd., 1989.
McFadden, Johnjoe (2000) Quantum Evolution HarperCollins. ISBN 0-00-255948-X; ISBN 0-00-655128-9 . Final chapter on the quantum mind.
Pharoah, M.C. (online). Looking to quantum mechanics for a reductive explanation of the noumenon of consciousness Retrieved June.21 2008.
Schrödinger, Erwin. Mind and Matter. Cambridge University Press, 1959.
Weiss V, Weiss H (2003). The golden mean as clock cycle of brain waves. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 18: 643-652. Full text
Weyl, Hermann. Mind and Nature, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1934.
Wigner, Eugene. "Physics and the Explanation of Life," in Foundations of Physics, vol. 1, 1970, pp. 34–45.

[edit] External links
Macroscopic quantum effects in biophysics and consciousness
NeuroQuantology Journal
The Science and Philosophy of Consciousness
Quantum Interconnectedness
Problem with Quantum Mind Theory
Center for Consciousness Studies, directed by Stuart Hameroff
Stuart Hameroff's Quantum Consciousness site
Online papers on the quantum mechanisms of consciousness
Spin & Consciousness Research
Stanford Univ. Encyclopedia of Philosophy critical survey article Harald Altmanspacher (2006) Quantum Approaches to Consciousness
Henry Stapp's collection of articles and papers
Quantumbionet
Quantum-Mind
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THE ROOTS OF COINCIDENCE

Arthur Koestler

1972

 Page 88 

"Euclidian geometries, invented by earlier mathematicians more or less as a game, provided the basis for his relativistic cosmology

Another great physicist whose thoughts moved in a similar direction was Wolfgang Pauli.

At the end of the 1932 conference on nuclear physics in Copenhagen the participants, as was their custom on these occasions, performed a skit full of that quantum humour of which we have already had a few samples. In that particular year they produced a parody of Goethe's Faust, in which Wolfgang Pauli was cast in the role of Mephistopheles; his Gretchen was the neutrino, whose existence Pauli had predicted, but which had not yet been discovered.

 

MEPHISTOPHELES

(to Faust):

 Beware, beware, of Reason and of Science

Man's highest powers, unholy in alliance.

You'll let yourself, through dazzling witchcraft yield

To weird temptations of the quantum field.

Enter Gretchen; she sings to Faust. Melody: "Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel" by Schubert.

GRETCHEN: 

My rest-mass is zero

My charge is the same

You are my hero

Neutrino's my name."

 

ZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZ

 

I

ME

ENTANGLEMENTS

I ME ENTANGLE ENTANGLE ME I

ENTANGLES ME I ME ENTANGLES

 

 

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Quantum entanglement is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which the quantum states of two or more objects have to be described with reference to each other ...en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_entanglement

Quantum entanglement

Quantum entanglement is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which the quantum states of two or more objects have to be described with reference to each other, even though the individual objects may be spatially separated. This leads to correlations between observable physical properties of the systems. For example, it is possible to prepare two particles in a single quantum state such that when one is observed to be spin-up, the other one will always be observed to be spin-down and vice versa, this despite the fact that it is impossible to predict, according to quantum mechanics, which set of measurements will be observed. As a result, measurements performed on one system seem to be instantaneously influencing other systems entangled with it. But quantum entanglement does not enable the transmission of classical information faster than the speed of light (see discussion in next section below).

Quantum entanglement applications in the emerging technologies of quantum computing and quantum cryptography, and has been used to realize quantum teleportation experimentally. At the same time, it prompts some of the more philosophically oriented discussions concerning quantum theory. The correlations predicted by quantum mechanics, and observed in experiment, reject the principle of local realism , which is that information about the state of a system should only be mediated by interactions in its immediate surroundings. Different views of what is actually occurring in the process of quantum entanglement can be related to different interpretations of quantum mechanics.

 

 

What you write in your book about entanglement is so startling, it’s hard to believe. Let’s start with a definition. What is quantum entanglement ? ... calitreview.com

 

THE STRANGE WORLD OF QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT

by Paul Comstock March 30th, 2007

Briab Clegg

received a physics degree from Cambridge University and is the author of numerous books and articles on the history of science. His most recent book is The God Effect : Quantum Entanglement, Science’s Strangest Phenomenon

What you write in your book about entanglements so startling, it’s hard to believe. Let’s start with a definition. What is quantum entanglement?

Entanglement is a strange feature of quantum physics, the science of the very small. It’s possible to link together two quantum particles – photons of light or atoms, for example – in a special way that makes them effectively two parts of the same entity. You can then separate them as far as you like, and a change in one is instantly reflected in the other. This odd, faster than light link, is a fundamental aspect of quantum science – Erwin Schrödinger, who came up with the nameentanglement” called it “the characteristic trait of quantum mechanics.” Entanglement is fascinating in its own right, but what makes it really special are dramatic practical applications that have become apparent in the last few years.Is it possible that entangled particles are not actually in immediate communication, but are simply programmed to behave in the same way? Much like twins separated at birth who live eerily similar lives - assume the same professions, marry similar spouses, etc.This is an obvious possibility. John Bell, who devised a lot of the theory for testing the existence of entanglement, covered it in a paper called “Bertlmann’s Socks and the Nature of Reality.” Reinhold Bertlmann, a colleague of Bell’s, always wore socks of different colors. Bell pointed out that, if you saw one of Bertlmann’s feet coming around the corner of a building and it had a pink sock on, you would instantly know the other sock wasn’t pink, even though you had never seen it. The color difference was programmed in when Bertlmann put his socks on.But the quantum world is very different. If you take some property of a particle, the equivalent of color, say the spin of an electron, it doesn’t have the value pre-programmed. It has a range of probabilities as to what the answer might be, but until you actually measure it, there is no fixed value. What happens with a pair of entangled electrons is you measure the spin of one. Until that moment, neither of them had a spin with a fixed value. But the instant you take the measurement on one, the other immediately fixes its spin (say to the opposite value). These “quantum socks” were every possible color until you looked at one. Only then did it become pink, and the other instantly took on another color.You write that Einstein among other scientists could not accept quantum entanglement. It seems to throw out the whole notion of cause and effect. How confident are physicists that quantum entanglement exists and what are the implications for science and the scientific method? Einstein had problems with the whole of quantum physics – which is ironic, as it was based on his Nobel Prize winning paper on the photoelectric effect. What he didn’t like was the way quantum particles don’t have fixed values for their properties until they are observed – he couldn’t relate to a universe where probability ruled. That’s why he famously said that God doesn’t play dice. I think an even better quote, less well known, was when he wrote:“I find the idea quite intolerable that an electron exposed to radiation should choose of its own free will, not only its moment to jump off, but also its direction. In that case, I would rather be a cobbler, or even an employee in a gaming house, than a physicist."

Einstein believed that underneath these probabilities were fixed, hidden realities we just couldn’t see. That was why he dreamed up the idea of entanglement in 1935. It was to show that either quantum theory was incomplete, because it said there was no hidden information, or it was possible to instantly influence something at a distance. As that seemed incredible, he thought it showed that quantum theory was wrong. It did take a long time to prove that entanglement truly existed. It wasn’t until the 1980s that it was clearly demonstrated. But it has been shown without doubt that this is the case. Entanglement exists, and is being used in very practical ways.Entanglement doesn’t throw away the concept of cause and effect. But it does underline the fact that quantum particles really do only have a range of probabilities on the values of their properties rather than fixed values. And while it seems to contradict Einstein’s special relativity, which says nothing can travel faster than light, it’s more likely that entanglement challenges our ideas of what distance and time really mean. Similarly, entanglement is no challenge to the scientific method. We need to use a different kind of math, but this is still the same science.Where do you see the first practical applications of entanglement ?

The first thing most people think of, including a report produced by for the Department of Defense shortly after entanglement was proved real, is being able to use it to communicate faster than light. The link of entanglement works instantaneously at any distance. So it would be amazing if it could be used to send a signal. In fact this isn’t possible. Although there is a real connection between two entangled particles, we don’t know what the information is that it’s going to send. If I measure the spin of an entangled electron, yes it communicates the value somehow to its twin – but I can’t use it. I had no idea what the spin was going to be. This is just as well, as faster than light messages travel backwards in time. If I could send a message instantly it would be received in the past, and that really would disrupt cause and effect.However, there are still real and amazing applications of entanglement. It can be used to produce unbreakable encryption. If you send each half of a set of entangled pairs to either end of a communications link, then the randomly generated but linked properties can be used as a key to encrypt information. If anyone intercepts the information it will break the entanglement, and the communication can be stopped before the eavesdropper picks up any data. Then there are quantum computers. These are conceptual machines that can crack problems that would take an ordinary computer longer than the lifetime of the universe to solve. We already know how to program a quantum computer to do some amazing things. For instance, if I have an unsorted database with a million entries, I will typically have to try out 500,000 of these before hitting on the right one. (Try looking for a specific number, rather than a person, in the paper version of the New York telephone directory.) But using a quantum computer it only takes 1,000 attempts. Unfortunately, though, Quantum computers are almost impossible to make.Instead of storing information in bits on silicon chips, each of which can hold 0 or 1, a quantum computer uses quantum particles like photons or atoms as the information stores. Each particle can store infinitely long numbers, but if you look at the particle, it changes the value. Entanglement means you can interact with these quantum bits (qubits for short) without frying your quantum memory. There are several technologies being tried to build the first, basic quantum computers, but they all rely on entanglement to get information into and around the system. Most dramatic of all is quantum teleportation. And for those Trekkies out there, tell us about the possibility of teleportation. It’s more than a possibility, it has been done, but only on a very small scale. What a Star Trek transporter is supposed to do is make an exact copy of an object or a person somewhere else. There’s a fundamental problem here. Because looking at a quantum particle changes it, you can’t scan a particle, see what it looks like and make an exact copy. So it might seem that teleportation is impossible. Entanglement lets you get around this restriction. By interacting the particle with one half of an entangled pair, and then putting the other half of the pair through a special process, a bit like a logic gate in a computer, it’s possible to make an identical particle at a remote location. We can only do this because the entanglement transfers the quantum information without us ever knowing what it was. In the process, the originalparticle loses its properties. Teleportation isn’t copying, it effectively destroys the original. This doesn’t mean you’ll be able to rush out and buy a transporter at Radio Shack next week. This process has been done with large molecules, similar in size to a bacterium, so it’s possible that we could teleport something living. But it won’t work with something as big as a person. You would have to scan every single molecule in the body and reassemble at the other end, which doesn’t look like it’s every going to be practical. Maybe this isn’t so bad, though. Remember, the original is destroyed (something Star Trek glosses over). Okay, you get an identical copy, but would you be prepared to be vaporized if you knew an exact, indistinguishable copy was going to be created the other side of the world? I’m not ecstatic about flying, but by comparison it sounds a safe option. Could entanglement prove to be the “Holy Grail” for merging scientific and mystical, religious thought? There have certainly been people who have tried to draw this kind of conclusion, but I think they are mistaken. Entanglement is a wholly physical process. I called my book The God Effect because it has been suggested that entanglement is the working mechanism of the Higgs boson, a very special particle that gives everything its mass, and has been called the God Particle, because it’s so fundamental. But that’s just a label.It’s also true that Nobel Prize winning physicist Brian Josephson has suggested that entanglement could explain telepathy (much to the irritation of paranormal debunker James Randi), but Josephson was saying if telepathy exists, then here’s a physical mechanism that could explain it – he wasn’t indulging in mystical navel-gazing. What entanglement (and quantum theory in general) does do is remind us is that the real world is much stranger than we imagine. That’s because the way things are in the world of the very small is totally different to large scale objects like desks and pens. We can’t rely on experience and common sense to guide us on how things are going to work at this level. And that can make some of the effects of quantum physics seem mystical. In the end, this is something similar to science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke’s observation that “any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.”
29 Responses to "The StrangeWorld of Quantum Entanglement"
  • Ulrich Mohrhoff Says:
    May 28th, 2007 at 5:13 pm

    See http://thisquantumworld.com/faqs.htm for an explanation of why entanglement can’t be used to send information.

  • Ulrich Mohrhoff Says:
    May 28th, 2007 at 5:14 pm

    See http://koantum.blogspot.com/2006/06/disentangling-entanglement.html for a detailed comment.

  • Bill Lang Says:
    May 28th, 2007 at 5:14 pm

    I too have seriously considered the idea that we should be looking for entangled communications from outside worlds. When I originally asked about it on a physics blog 6 years ago, they told me that entanglement can’t extend great distances. That seems to be proven wrong now. What is the current excuse for the improbability of entangled communications?
    Wonderful article, thanks.

  • Since the entanglement link is based upon probabilities, it may take some re-readings of the receiving spin to establish what the spin *isn’t* to get the spin of the sending particle. Unfortunately, this rather depends upon pre-syncing to establish the sending spin and that can’t be guaranteed to co-incide with the receiving spin.
    Suggestions about using a returning particle pairing may be useless for exactly the same reasons vice versa.

    The thought of being vaporised to be handed over to a twin scares things out of me, too. I have enough trouble coping with the fact that this could be used to duplicate my brain somewhere else let alone set it going on it’s own path over there (wherever there is), and then to trust to it and be vaporised? No way.

  • anonymous Says:
    May 28th, 2007 at 5:16 pm

    go Spidy; he da man!

  • Interviewee suggests that they have teleported a particle. This sounds like a deterministic transmission of . That is, they got what they expected out the other side. This sounds like the transmission of information.

  • Saravana Kumar Says:
    May 28th, 2007 at 5:17 pm

    Paul - Could you explain why entanglement can’t be used to send signals.

    This concept indeed makes our understanding of science stranger and makes us think that there are invisible variables that we need to discover b4 we could have a GUT.

  • anonymous Says:
    May 28th, 2007 at 5:18 pm

    He did explain why we can’t send a signal. From the article:

    The first thing most people think of, including a report produced by for the Department of Defense shortly after entanglement was proved real, is being able to use it to communicate faster than light. The link of entanglement works instantaneously at any distance. So it would be amazing if it could be used to send a signal. In fact this isn?t possible. Although there is a real connection between two entangled particles, we don?t know what the information is that it?s going to send. If I measure the spin of an entangled electron, yes it communicates the value somehow to its twin ? but I can?t use it. I had no idea what the spin was going to be. This is just as well, as faster than light messages travel backwards in time. If I could send a message instantly it would be received in the past, and that really would disrupt cause and effect.

  • anonymous Says:
    May 28th, 2007 at 5:19 pm

    I guess the key words in all of these possiblilites such as QE commications, faster than light travel, etc., are “not yet”. 600 years ago the world was flat, now we’re on the verge of quantum computers. The great thing about physics is that it continues to grow.

  • You say that you cannot send information because you will not know the way it will be spinning, but I think the fact that you simply sent a signal of any kind (as opposed to not sending a signal) means that you did send information. Here is a simple illustration:

    I have a “jar” with one particle (or one half of particle A depending on how you think of entanglement), and another “jar” with particle B in my home in the United States. You have the corresponding particles A and B in England. You “measure” A if by land, or B if by sea. When the one you measured communicates to the one I have, causing it to have a specific spin, I have learned something based on which one you chose to measure. Thus you have communicated to me faster than light.

    Taking this a step further, if in response to your measuring A, I measure B to tell you that I got the signal, I do not see how there would be time travel in either of our frames of reference.

    Am I missing something, or is it just this simple, yet somehow nobody has figured it out?

  • Hey Matt,

    You forgot one thing, check it out…

    You have a “jar” with particle A and another “jar” with particle B in your home in the United States. I have the corresponding particles A and B in separate jars in England. I measure the spin of either particle A or B in attempt to communicate the signal to you using the entanglement of the two particles (A and A or B and B). But, the trick is that YOU have to measure the spins of BOTH of your particles in order to tell which one I measured in England.

    So after you measured both of your particles you’d need to get in touch with me in England and ask for my measurement, only then could you deduce which particle, A or B, that I measured originally (I guess it would be the particle with an opposite mathematical value for spin compared to yours, or something like that).

  • What if you had a seperate quantum pair for each letter of the alphabet?
    Would there be anyway to know when one had been measured without measuring it yourself?

  • brian clegg is the best i am chelsea clegg and i am his daughter he is the best daddy anyone could ask for so by his books cos i want new clothes lol only joking

  • Cyberbian Perepatetic Says:
    July 30th, 2007 at 6:08 am

    Saying you cannot use it to communicate is simply myopic.
    You do not need to know what the value which you will set in order to communicate. You use the positional transition, like edge detection in electronics signal processing.

    Please let me demonstrate.

    I set up a four bit message as follows in binary.
    xy xy xy xy

    Each bit is actually two unrelated halves of entangled pairs. By changing the x of the duo I have a 0 by changing the y I have a 1.
    So if the values are scaled as follows
    8 4 2 1
    and I set all the pairs to represent 1, I have sent the number 16.
    So if you can tell that changing one of a pair has altered the other which is clearly stated that you can in the first paragraph, then you can communicate.

  • Perhaps we are looking at what can be perceived as a unification of multiple governing forces. I am not a stick in the mud as far as the mathematical implications of the speed of light is concerned, so I have no reservations about believing that something could move faster. And indeed, the likely hood that this “entangled” effect is being misinterpreted is rather great,.. considering the most logical explanation would be that of a “programmed” consequence. ( Of course this means I don’t believe you when you say that particles can be teleported ) But perhaps this phenomena is observable evidence of the unification of governing forces. However, should this be accurate, or perhaps even embellished theoretically and philosophically, there is no stable platform from which it can be mathematically conceived, as is of course made very clear by the principles of relativity. How willing would you be, or your physics professor, for that matter, to throw away the fundamentals of physics for the postulation of a GUT?

  • yea i never knew that you don’t know what way the proton will spin. can’t you specify it?

  • Well, now they’ve entangled five particles we can communicate. If one particle state is changed, the other 4 react to their entangled partners, and by reading two of them (for reliability/security?) you know the message without destroying them all.

  • Well, looks like this happens due to the observer…

    I suggest that the spin can be predictable, but the tecnology of the observer must be newer, I dont know how the observers see those scales today, i believe they throw some kind of laser or any other kind of energy to the point of view that affects it and make it change.

    The Entangled effect seems very confuse, how they could find the entangled particles brothers and estimulated then considering that these brothers could be anywhere in all the universe?! this probability is for sure impossible… the entaglement effect must be created by the observer on the Lab not by Bigbang or any kind of born from far distances.
    ..

  • hey were can i start from scratch to learn EVERYTHING about this?

  • If so many people have said that they can create entangled pairs, then why haven’ they try to develop a way of inputing data, like binary to one of the pair and see what happens to the other.

    if one spins one way and the other spins opposite. like two gears spinning, why can’t we just “grab” the one gear and turn it to and fro, and the other one reacting to transmit information.

    maybe I’m just grossly simplifying the subject. But it seems to me like there is so much talk about what might happen and not enough physical experimentation and just find out what happens and observe it.

  • Jonathan Mueller Says:
    June 11th, 2008 at 5:25 pm

    Can energy be transfered from one entangled particle to the other? If I entangle two particles, and then increase the energy of one, will this affect the energy of the other?

    Thanks

  • Examination of my website resolves the wave-particle duality paradox (light or emr is a wave and so removes the need for the “photon”. I use modern antenna and Sannon’s noise theory. As this is so desperately important I beg you to caste an eye on it and tell me where I am wrong. In particular criticize my classical explanations of the photoelectric effect and Compton effect. No one at the Max Planck Institut here (Munich) or my friend John Cramer “has the time”. Do you?

    Geoff Harries

  • See my website which shows with simple, repeatable, intuitive experiment that there is no need for the concept of a “photon”. All can be explained with emr as a wave.

  • What kind of particle properties depicts quantum entanglement?
    Also is it possible to determine exact position and momentum of particle (such as electron) through the quantum entanglement phenomenon?

  • When the photon strike the event horizon of black hole, pair production takes place, one particle goes into the black hole and the other goes in the opposite direction in the outward direction. I want to know that the quantum entanglement phenomenon may be used to determine the particle status which goes inside the black hole by altering the properties of the outside entangled particle and thus enabling us to get information of inside the black hole.

  • I want to know how faster than light(FTL) information is mediated? and what particles can be used for it(may be tachyons)? How does the quantum entanglement explain in terms of particle and antiparticle entangled pair?

  • What is the entangled pair of gravitons if quantum gravity exists? I want to say that how quantum entanglement is used to describe the gravity?

  • Interesting topic, very poor command of English and clarity of explanation. You guys should not appear in a Physics Review.

  • Thank god this isn’t an English discussion, Steve. Scientists are notorious for their ignorance of grammar rules.

    I am a novice in Physics. I only studied for 1.5 years at UCSD and further studies were via juco and, lately, as my interest has grown and time has allowed. I am intrigued by entanglement and quantum theory, though. It doesn’t seem to me that Einstein’s rule has been broken, because the struggle has been trying to word quantum theory in relativistic terms. Speed is not being violated because we are not really referring to classical mechanics and motion. We seem to be referring to state-changes. Also, the concept that we have [only]2 discrete particles is suspect to me now. What we seem to really have is an infinitely expanding particle that can be “measured” only in one dimension, by our modern standards of measurement. Ugh, this is why q-theory is the stuff that makes one “dizzy”.

    I believed we have reached the metaphorical “edge of the Earth” and now we have to be brave enough to sail past it.

 

 

IN SEARCH OF SCHRODINGER'S CAT

John Gribbin 1984

QUANTUM PHYSICS AND REALITY

 

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2
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
3
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
4
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
5
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
7
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
26
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PHYSICS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
8
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
9
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
Y
=
7
10
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
S
=
1
11
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
12
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
C
=
3
13
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
14
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
36
-
7
PHYSICS
99
54
36
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
AND
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
15
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
16
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
17
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
3
AND
19
10
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
REALITY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
18
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
E
=
5
19
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
20
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
21
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
22
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
23
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Y
=
7
24
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
36
-
7
REALITY
90
36
36
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
QUANTUM PHYSICS AND REALITY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
=
2
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
-
5
4
12
8
15
6
21
16
27
P
=
7
-
7
PHYSICS
99
54
9
-
-
-
1+2
-
1+5
-
2+1
1+6
2+7
A
=
2
-
3
AND
19
10
1
-
5
4
3
8
6
6
3
7
9
R
=
6
-
7
REALITY
90
36
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
22
-
24
QUANTUM PHYSICS AND REALITY
315
126
27
-
5
4
3
8
6
6
3
7
9
-
-
2+2
-
2+4
-`
3+1+5
1+2+6
2+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
QUANTUM PHYSICS AND REALITY
9
9
9
-
5
4
3
8
6
6
3
7
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
QUANTUM PHYSICS AND REALITY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Q
=
2
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
7
PHYSICS
99
54
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
2
-
3
AND
19
10
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
6
-
7
REALITY
90
36
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
22
-
24
QUANTUM PHYSICS AND REALITY
315
126
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Q
=
8
1
1
Q
17
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
U
=
3
2
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
A
=
1
3
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
4
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
T
=
2
5
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
M
=
4
7
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
8
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
-
-
H
=
8
9
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
Y
=
7
10
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
-
-
S
=
1
11
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
I
=
9
12
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
9
C
=
3
13
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
S
=
1
14
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
A
=
1
15
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
16
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
D
=
4
17
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
18
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
9
E
=
5
19
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
A
=
1
20
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
L
=
3
21
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
I
=
9
22
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
9
T
=
2
23
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
Y
=
7
24
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
QUANTUM PHYSICS AND REALITY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
=
2
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
-
5
4
12
8
15
6
21
16
27
P
=
7
-
7
PHYSICS
99
54
9
-
-
-
1+2
-
1+5
-
2+1
1+6
2+7
A
=
2
-
3
AND
19
10
1
-
5
4
3
8
6
6
3
7
9
R
=
6
-
7
REALITY
90
36
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
22
-
24
QUANTUM PHYSICS AND REALITY
315
126
27
-
5
4
3
8
6
6
3
7
9
-
-
2+2
-
2+4
-`
3+1+5
1+2+6
2+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
QUANTUM PHYSICS AND REALITY
9
9
9
-
5
4
3
8
6
6
3
7
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

-
-
-
-
-
QUANTUM PHYSICS AND REALITY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Q
=
2
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
7
PHYSICS
99
54
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
2
-
3
AND
19
10
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
6
-
7
REALITY
90
36
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
22
-
24
QUANTUM PHYSICS AND REALITY
315
126
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
3
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
S
=
1
11
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
S
=
1
14
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
A
=
1
15
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
A
=
1
20
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
T
=
2
5
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
T
=
2
23
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
U
=
3
2
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
C
=
3
13
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
L
=
3
21
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
M
=
4
7
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
D
=
4
17
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
4
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
16
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
19
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
8
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
-
-
Y
=
7
10
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
-
-
Y
=
7
24
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
-
-
Q
=
8
1
1
Q
17
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
H
=
8
9
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
I
=
9
12
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
9
R
=
9
18
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
9
I
=
9
22
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
QUANTUM PHYSICS AND REALITY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
=
2
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
-
5
4
12
8
15
6
21
16
27
P
=
7
-
7
PHYSICS
99
54
9
-
-
-
1+2
-
1+5
-
2+1
1+6
2+7
A
=
2
-
3
AND
19
10
1
-
5
4
3
8
6
6
3
7
9
R
=
6
-
7
REALITY
90
36
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
22
-
24
QUANTUM PHYSICS AND REALITY
315
126
27
-
5
4
3
8
6
6
3
7
9
-
-
2+2
-
2+4
-`
3+1+5
1+2+6
2+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
QUANTUM PHYSICS AND REALITY
9
9
9
-
5
4
3
8
6
6
3
7
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
QUANTUM
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
=
8
1
1
Q
17
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
U
=
3
2
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
3
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
4
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
5
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
7
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
26
-
2
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
6
-
-
2+6
-
-
-
1+0+7
2+6
2+6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
7
QUANTUM
8
8
8
-
2
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
4
MIND
40
22
4
14
Add to Reduce
180
63
18
1+4
Reduce to Deduce
1+8+0
6+3
1+8
5
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
10
1
A
=
1
-
2
AS
20
2
2
Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
D
=
4
-
4
DOES
43
16
7
-
-
31
-
25
First Total
324
90
27
-
-
3+1
-
2+5
Add to Reduce
3+2+4
9+0
2+7
Q
-
4
-
7
Second Total
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
-
-
-
-
4
5
7
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
PHYSICS
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
Y
=
7
-
1
Y
25
7
7
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
C
=
3
-
1
C
3
3
3
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
-
36
-
7
PHYSICS
99
54
36
-
-
3+6
-
-
-
9+9
8+1
3+6
-
-
9
-
7
PHYSICS
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
9
-
7
PHYSICS
9
9
9

 

 

IN SEARCH OF SCHRODINGER'S CAT

John Gribbin 1984

QUANTUM PHYSICS AND REALITY

NOTHING IS REAL

"The cat of our title is a mythical beast, but Schrodinger was a real person. Erwin Schrodinger was an Austrian scientist instrumental in the development, in the mid-1920s, of the equations of a branch of science now known as quantum mechanics. Branch of science is hardly the correct expres-sion, however, because quantum mechanics provides the fundamental underpinning of all of modem science. The equations describe the behavior of very small objects-gen-erally speaking, the size of atoms or smaller-and they provide the only understanding of the world of the very small. Without these equations, physicists would be unable to design working nuclear power stations (or bombs), build lasers, or explain how the sun stays hot. Without quantum mechanics, chemistry would still be in the Dark Ages, and there would be no science of molecular biology-no under-standing of DNA, no genetic engineering-at all "

QUANTUM THEORY

107 + 91 = 198 1 + 9 + 8 = 18 1 + 8 = 9

1 x 9 x 8 = 72

" Quantum theory represents the greatest achievement of science, far more significant and of far more direct, prac-tical use than relativity theory. And yet, it makes some very strange predictions. The world of quantum mechanics is so strange, indeed, that even Albert Einstein found it in-comprehensible, and refused to accept all of the implica-tions of the theory developed by Schrodinger and his colleagues. Einstein, and many other scientists, found it more comfortable to believe that the equations of quantum mechanics simply represent some sort of mathematical trick, which just happens to giye a reasonable working guide to the behavior of atomic and subatomic particles but that conceals some deeper truth that corresponds more closely to our everyday sense of reality. For what quantum mechanics says is that nothing is real and that we cannot say anything about what things are doing when we are not looking at them. Schrodinger's mythical cat was invoked to make the differences between the quantum world and the everyday world clear.

In the world of quantum mechanics, the laws of phys-ics that are familiar from the everyday world no longer work. Instead, events are governed by probabilities. A radio-active atom, for example, might decay, emitting an electron, say; or it might not. It is possible to set up an experiment in such a way that there is a precise fifty-fifty chance that one of the atoms in a lump of radioactive material will decay in a certain time and that a detector will register the decay if it does happen. Schrodinger, as upset as Einstein about the implications of quantum theory, tried to show the absurdity of those implications by imagining such an experiment set up in a closed room, or box, which also contains a live cat and a phial of poison, so arranged that if the radioactive decay does occur then the poison container is broken and the cat dies. In the everyday world, there is a fifty-fifty chance that the cat will be killed, and without looking in-side the box we can say, quite happily, that the cat inside is either dead or alive. But now we encounter the strangeness of the quantum world. According to the theory, neither of the two possibilities open to the radioactive material, and therefore to the cat, has any reality unless it is observed. The atomic decay has neither happened nor not happened, the cat has neither been killed nor not killed, / Page 3 / until we look inside the box to see what has happened. Theorists who accept the pure version of quantum mechanics say that the cat exists in some indeterminate state, neither dead nor alive, until an observer looks into the box to see how things are getting on. Nothing is real unless it is observed.

The idea was anathema to Einstein, among others. "God does not play dice," he said, referring to the theory that the world is governed by the accumulation of outcomes of essentially random "choices" of possibilities at the quan-tum level. As for the unreality of the state of Schrodinger's cat, he dismissed it, assuming that there must be some un-derlying "clockwork" that makes for a genuine fundamen-tal reality of things. He spent many years attempting to devise tests that might reveal this underlying reality at work but died before it became possible actually to carry out such a test. Perhaps it is as well that he did not live to see the outcome of one line of reasoning that he initiated.

In the summer of 1982, at the University of Paris-South, in France, a team headed by Alain Aspect completed a series of experiments designed to detect the underlying reality below the unreal world of the quantum. The under-lying reality-the fundamental clockwork-had been given the name " hidden variables," and the experiment con-cerned the behavior of two photons or particles of light fly-ing off in opposite directions from a source. It is described fully in Chapter Ten, but in essence it can be thought of as a test of reality. The two photons from the same source can be observed by two detectors, which measure a property called polarization. According to quantum theory, this prop-erty does not exist until it is measured. According to the hidden-variable idea, each photon has a "real" polarization from the moment it is created. Because the two photons are emitted together, their polarizations are correlated with one another. But the nature of the correlation that is actually measured is different according to the two views of reality.

The results of this crucial experiment are unam-biguous. The kind of correlation predicted by hidden- variable theory is not found; the kind of correlation pre- dicted by quantum mechanics is found, and what is more, again as predicted by quantum theory, the measurement / Page 4 / that is made on one photon has an instantaneous effect on the nature of the other photon. Some interaction links the two inextricably, even though they are flying apart at the speed of light, and relativity theory tells us that no signal can travel faster than light. The experiments prove that there is no underlying reality to the world. "Reality," in the everyday sense, is not a good way to think about the be-havior of the fundamental particles that make up the uni-verse; yet at the same time those particles seem to be inseparably connected into some indivisible whole, each aware of what happens to the other

The search for Schrodinger's cat was the search for quantum reality.. From this brief outline, it may seem that the search has proved fruitless, since there is no reality in the everyday sense of the word. But this is not quite the end of the story, and the search for Schrodinger's cat may lead us to a new understanding of reality that transcends, and yet includes, the conventional interpretation of quantum mechanics. The trail is a long one, however, and it begins with a scientist who would probably have been even more horrified than Einstein if he could have seen the answers we now have to the questions he puzzled over. Isaac New-ton, studying the nature of light three centuries ago, could have had no conception that he was already on the trail leading to Schrodinger's cat."

 

L
=
3
-
4
LIFE
32
23
5
E
=
5
-
7
ETERNAL
75
30
3
I
=
1
-
2
IS
28
10
1
-
-
9
4
13
Add to Reduce
135
63
9
-
-
Q
Q
1+3
Reduce to Deduce
1+3+4
6+2
-
Q
-
9
-
4
Essence of Number
8
8
8

 

 

I
=
1
-
2
IS
28
10
1
E
=
5
-
7
ETERNAL
75
30
3
L
=
3
-
4
LIFE
32
23
5
-
-
9
4
13
Add to Reduce
135
63
9
-
-
Q
Q
1+3
Reduce to Deduce
1+3+4
6+2
-
Q
-
9
-
4
Essence of Number
8
8
8

 

 

E
=
5
-
7
ETERNAL
75
30
3
L
=
3
-
4
LIFE
32
23
5
I
=
1
-
2
IS
28
10
1
-
-
9
4
13
Add to Reduce
135
63
9
-
-
Q
Q
1+3
Reduce to Deduce
1+3+4
6+2
-
Q
-
9
-
4
Essence of Number
8
8
8

 

 

E
=
5
-
7
ETERNAL
75
30
3
I
=
1
-
2
IS
28
10
1
L
=
3
-
4
LIFE
32
23
5
-
-
9
4
13
Add to Reduce
135
63
9
-
-
Q
Q
1+3
Reduce to Deduce
1+3+4
6+2
-
Q
-
9
-
4
Essence of Number
8
8
8

 

 

 

THE SCULPTURE OF VIBRATIONS 1971

 

 

Q
=
8
=
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
E
=
5
=
8
ENERGIES
82
55
1
-
-
13
-
15
First Total
189
81
9
-
-
1+3
-
1+5
Add to Reduce
1+8+9
8+1
-
-
-
4
-
6
Second Total
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
15
QUANTUM ENERGIES
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
8
ENERGIES
82
55
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
-
13
4
15
QUANTUM ENERGIES
189
81
9
-
1
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9
Q
=
8
1
1
Q
17
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
U
=
3
2
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
3
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
4
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
5
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
7
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26
-
7
QUANTUM ENERGIES
107
26
26
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
8
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
9
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
10
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
11
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
G
=
7
12
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
I
=
9
13
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
E
=
5
14
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
15
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
22
-
8
QUANTUM ENERGIES
82
55
46
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
-
2
2
6
4
25
6
7
8
18
M
=
4
-
8
ENERGIES
82
55
1
-
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
-
1+8
S
-
14
4
15
QUANTUM ENERGIES
189
81
9
-
2
2
6
4
7
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+4
-
1+5
-
1+8+9
8+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
6
QUANTUM ENERGIES
18
9
9
-
2
2
6
4
7
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
6
QUANTUM ENERGIES
9
9
9
-
2
2
6
4
7
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
15
QUANTUM ENERGIES
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
8
ENERGIES
82
55
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
-
13
4
15
QUANTUM ENERGIES
189
81
9
-
1
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9
Q
=
8
1
1
Q
17
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
U
=
3
2
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
A
=
1
3
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
4
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
T
=
2
5
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
M
=
4
7
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
8
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
9
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
10
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
I
=
9
11
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
9
G
=
7
12
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
-
-
I
=
9
13
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
9
E
=
5
14
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
S
=
1
15
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
QUANTUM ENERGIES
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
-
2
2
6
4
25
6
7
8
18
M
=
4
-
8
ENERGIES
82
55
1
-
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
-
1+8
S
-
14
4
15
QUANTUM ENERGIES
189
81
9
-
2
2
6
4
7
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+4
-
1+5
-
1+8+9
8+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
6
QUANTUM ENERGIES
18
9
9
-
2
2
6
4
7
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
6
QUANTUM ENERGIES
9
9
9
-
2
2
6
4
7
6
7
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

-
-
-
-
15
QUANTUM ENERGIES
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
8
ENERGIES
82
55
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
-
13
4
15
QUANTUM ENERGIES
189
81
9
-
1
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
3
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
S
=
1
15
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
T
=
2
5
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
U
=
3
2
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
M
=
4
7
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
4
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
8
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
9
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
10
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
14
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
12
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
-
-
Q
=
8
1
1
Q
17
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
I
=
9
11
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
9
I
=
9
13
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
QUANTUM ENERGIES
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
=
8
-
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
-
2
2
6
4
25
6
7
8
18
M
=
4
-
8
ENERGIES
82
55
1
-
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
-
1+8
S
-
14
4
15
QUANTUM ENERGIES
189
81
9
-
2
2
6
4
7
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+4
-
1+5
-
1+8+9
8+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
6
QUANTUM ENERGIES
18
9
9
-
2
2
6
4
7
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
6
QUANTUM ENERGIES
9
9
9
-
2
2
6
4
7
6
7
8
9

 

 

Everything Is Energy and Science Has Proved It – Here Is How ...
https://www.learning-mind.com › Food for thought

14 Sep 2018 - Many spiritual traditions have viewed everything in the universe as part of an interconnected web of energy. ... Basically, there was a widespread belief that everything is energy or at least that a consciousness flows through everything. ... Quantum physics proves that solid matter does ...

If quantum mechanics hasn’t profoundly shocked you, you haven’t understood it yet. Everything we call real is made of things that cannot be regarded as real.”

– Niels Bohr

 

E
=
5
-
10
EVERYTHING
133
61
7
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
19
1
E
=
5
-
16
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
19
-
18
First Total
235
118
10
-
-
1+9
-
1+8
Add to Reduce
2+3+5
1+1+8
1+0
-
-
10
-
9
Second Total
10
10
1
-
-
1+0
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
1
-
9
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
-
10
EVERYTHING
133
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
19
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
16
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
-
18
First Total
235
118
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
V
=
4
2
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
4
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
9
Y
=
7
5
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
7
-
-
T
=
2
6
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
H
=
8
7
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
I
=
9
8
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
9
N
=
5
9
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
10
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
7
-
-
-
-
61
-
5
-
133
61
61
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
11
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
3
-
-
3
-
-
9
S
=
1
12
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
2
-
28
19
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
14
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
15
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
16
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
9
G
=
7
17
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
7
-
-
Y
=
7
18
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
7
-
-
-
-
38
-
6
-
74
38
38
-
1
2
3
4
30
6
28
8
36
E
=
5
-
10
EVERYTHING
133
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
3+0
-
2+8
-
3+6
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
19
1
-
1
2
3
4
3
6
10
8
9
E
=
5
-
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
19
-
18
First Total
235
118
10
-
1
2
3
4
3
6
1
8
9
-
-
1+9
-
1+8
Add to Reduce
2+3+5
1+1+8
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
9
Second Total
10
10
1
-
1
2
3
4
3
6
1
8
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
9
Essence of Number
1
1
1
-
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9

 

3+ 6 = 9

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
-
10
EVERYTHING
133
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
19
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
16
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
-
18
First Total
235
118
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
V
=
4
2
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
4
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
9
Y
=
7
5
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
7
-
-
T
=
2
6
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
H
=
8
7
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
I
=
9
8
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
9
N
=
5
9
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
10
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
7
-
-
I
=
9
11
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
3
-
-
3
-
-
9
S
=
1
12
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
14
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
15
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
16
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
9
G
=
7
17
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
7
-
-
Y
=
7
18
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
7
-
-
-
-
38
-
6
-
74
38
38
-
1
2
3
4
30
6
28
8
36
E
=
5
-
10
EVERYTHING
133
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
3+0
-
2+8
-
3+6
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
19
1
-
1
2
3
4
3
6
10
8
9
E
=
5
-
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
19
-
18
First Total
235
118
10
-
1
2
3
4
3
6
1
8
9
-
-
1+9
-
1+8
Add to Reduce
2+3+5
1+1+8
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
9
Second Total
10
10
1
-
1
2
3
4
3
6
1
8
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
9
Essence of Number
1
1
1
-
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9

 

3+ 6 = 9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
-
10
EVERYTHING
133
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
19
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
16
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
-
18
First Total
235
118
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
12
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
T
=
2
6
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
V
=
4
2
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
9
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
14
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
15
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
Y
=
7
5
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
7
-
-
G
=
7
10
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
7
-
-
G
=
7
17
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
7
-
-
Y
=
7
18
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
7
-
-
H
=
8
7
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
R
=
9
4
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
9
I
=
9
8
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
9
I
=
9
11
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
3
-
-
3
-
-
9
R
=
9
16
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
30
6
28
8
36
E
=
5
-
10
EVERYTHING
133
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
3+0
-
2+8
-
3+6
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
19
1
-
1
2
3
4
3
6
10
8
9
E
=
5
-
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
19
-
18
First Total
235
118
10
-
1
2
3
4
3
6
1
8
9
-
-
1+9
-
1+8
Add to Reduce
2+3+5
1+1+8
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
9
Second Total
10
10
1
-
1
2
3
4
3
6
1
8
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
9
Essence of Number
1
1
1
-
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
4
5
7
8
9
E
=
5
-
10
EVERYTHING
133
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
19
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
16
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
-
18
First Total
235
118
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
4
5
7
8
9
S
=
1
12
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
6
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
V
=
4
2
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
N
=
5
9
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
N
=
5
14
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
15
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
Y
=
7
5
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
G
=
7
10
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
G
=
7
17
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
Y
=
7
18
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
7
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
4
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
8
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
11
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
16
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
4
30
28
8
36
E
=
5
-
10
EVERYTHING
133
61
7
-
-
-
-
3+0
2+8
-
3+6
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
19
1
-
1
2
4
3
10
8
9
E
=
5
-
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
19
-
18
First Total
235
118
10
-
1
2
4
3
1
8
9
-
-
1+9
-
1+8
Add to Reduce
2+3+5
1+1+8
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
9
Second Total
10
10
1
-
1
2
4
3
1
8
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
9
Essence of Number
1
1
1
-
1
2
4
3
7
8
9

 


Everything Is Energy and Science Has Proved It – Here Is How ...
https://www.learning-mind.com › Food for thought

14 Sep 2018 - Many spiritual traditions have viewed everything in the universe as part of an interconnected web of energy. ... Basically, there was a widespread belief that everything is energy or at least that a consciousness flows through everything. ... Quantum physics proves that solid matter does ...

If quantum mechanics hasn’t profoundly shocked you, you haven’t understood it yet. Everything we call real is made of things that cannot be regarded as real.”

– Niels Bohr

Many spiritual traditions have viewed everything in the universe as part of an interconnected web of energy. Now, science has proved everything is energy.

Throughout history, humans have believed in various religious and spiritual traditions. Many of these beliefs include an element of the unseen, something more than the reality we see before our eyes. These different energies have been called soul, spirit, qi, life force and various other names. Basically, there was a widespread belief that everything is energy or at least that a consciousness flows through everything.

Newtonian Physics

These widespread beliefs were challenged at the end of the seventeenth century when Newtonian physics became the cornerstone of science. This new science described a set of physical laws that affect the motion of bodies under the influence of a system of forces.


It perceived the universe as a sort of clockwork model. Even us humans were simply complex machines. Only what could be perceived with the senses and measured by scientific instruments was real. The rest was just made-up nonsense the old-fashioned beliefs of primitive, uneducated people.

The New Science

In the 1900’s beliefs changed again with the beginnings of quantum physics. This new science accepts that the universe, including us, is made up of energy, not matter.

Quantum mechanics arose from Max Planck’s solution in 1900 to the black-body radiation problem. It was also influenced by Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper which offered a quantum-based theory to explain the photoelectric effect. The theory was further developed in the mid-1920s by Erwin Schrödinger, Werner Heisenberg and Max Born among others.

Quantum Physics

Quantum physics proves that solid matter does not exist in the universe. Atoms are not solid, in fact, they have three different subatomic particles inside them: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The protons and neutrons are packed together into the center of the atom, while the electrons whizz around the outside. The electrons move so quickly that we never know exactly where they are from one moment to the next.

In reality, the atoms that form objects and substances that we call solid are actually made up of 99.99999% space.

And, as everything is made of atoms, which are energy, this shows us that everything is made up of energy. The energy that makes you is the same energy that composes trees, rocks, the chair you are sitting on and the phone, computer or tablet you are using to read this article. It’s all made of the same stuff – energy.

This has been proven time and time again by multiple Nobel Prize-winning physicists, including Niels Bohr, a Danish Physicist who made significant contributions to the understanding of quantum theory.

 

 

 

 

-
-
11
ATOMIC POWER
163
64
19
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
2
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
3
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
M
=
4
4
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
C
=
3
6
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
25
-
-
-
61
25
25
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
7
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
8
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
W
=
5
9
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
10
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
11
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
32
-
-
-
77
32
32
-
1
2
3
4
10
12
7
8
12
-
-
-
-
11
ATOMIC POWER
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
-
-
1+2
A
=
1
-
6
ATOMIC
61
25
7
-
1
2
3
4
1
3
7
8
9
P
=
7
-
5
POWER
77
32
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
11
ATOMIC POWER
138
57
12
-
1
2
3
4
1
3
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
1+3+8
5+7
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
2
ATOMIC POWER
12
12
3
-
1
2
3
4
1
3
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
2
SUN EARTH MOON
3
3
3
-
1
2
3
4
1
3
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
11
ATOMIC POWER
163
64
19
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
T
=
2
2
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
O
=
6
3
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
M
=
4
4
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
C
=
3
6
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
P
=
7
7
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
O
=
6
8
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
W
=
5
9
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
10
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
11
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
10
12
7
8
18
-
-
-
-
11
ATOMIC POWER
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
-
-
1+8
A
=
1
-
6
ATOMIC
61
25
7
-
1
2
3
4
1
3
7
8
9
P
=
7
-
5
POWER
77
32
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
11
ATOMIC POWER
138
57
12
-
1
2
3
4
1
3
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
1+3+8
5+7
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
2
ATOMIC POWER
12
12
3
-
1
2
3
4
1
3
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
2
ATOMIC POWER
3
3
3
-
1
2
3
4
1
3
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
11
ATOMIC POWER
163
64
19
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
T
=
2
2
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
C
=
3
6
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
4
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
W
=
5
9
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
10
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
O
=
6
3
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
O
=
6
8
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
P
=
7
7
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
R
=
9
11
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
10
12
7
8
18
-
-
-
-
11
ATOMIC POWER
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
-
-
1+8
A
=
1
-
6
ATOMIC
61
25
7
-
1
2
3
4
1
3
7
8
9
P
=
7
-
5
POWER
77
32
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
11
ATOMIC POWER
138
57
12
-
1
2
3
4
1
3
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
1+3+8
5+7
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
2
ATOMIC POWER
12
12
3
-
1
2
3
4
1
3
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
2
ATOMIC POWER
3
3
3
-
1
2
3
4
1
3
7
8
9

 

 

ATOMIC ENERGY

 

-
-
-
-
-
ATOMIC ENERGY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
K
=
2
Q
6
ATOMIC
61
25
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
Q
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
7
Q
12
ATOMIC ENERGY
135
63
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ATOMIC
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
2
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
3
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
M
=
4
4
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
C
=
3
6
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
25
-
-
ATOMIC
61
25
25
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ENERGY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
7
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
8
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
9
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
10
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
G
=
7
11
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
Y
=
7
12
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
38
-
-
ENERGY
74
38
38
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
15
6
14
8
18
-
-
-
-
-
ATOMIC ENERGY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
1+4
-
1+8
A
=
1
Q
6
ATOMIC
61
25
7
-
1
2
3
4
6
6
5
8
9
E
=
5
Q
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
6
Q
12
ATOMIC ENERGY
135
63
9
-
1
2
3
4
6
6
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
1+3+5
6+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
6
Q
6
ATOMIC ENERGY
9
9
9
-
1
2
3
4
6
6
5
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ATOMIC ENERGY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
K
=
2
Q
6
ATOMIC
61
25
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
Q
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
7
Q
12
ATOMIC ENERGY
135
63
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
2
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
3
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
M
=
4
4
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
C
=
3
6
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
7
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
8
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
9
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
10
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
G
=
7
11
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
Y
=
7
12
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
15
6
14
8
18
-
-
-
-
-
ATOMIC ENERGY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
1+4
-
1+8
A
=
1
Q
6
ATOMIC
61
25
7
-
1
2
3
4
6
6
5
8
9
E
=
5
Q
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
6
Q
12
ATOMIC ENERGY
135
63
9
-
1
2
3
4
6
6
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
1+3+5
6+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
6
Q
6
ATOMIC ENERGY
9
9
9
-
1
2
3
4
6
6
5
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ATOMIC ENERGY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
K
=
2
Q
6
ATOMIC
61
25
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
Q
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
7
Q
12
ATOMIC ENERGY
135
63
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
T
=
2
2
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
O
=
6
3
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
M
=
4
4
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
C
=
3
6
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
7
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
N
=
5
8
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
9
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
10
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
G
=
7
11
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
Y
=
7
12
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
15
6
14
8
18
-
-
-
-
-
ATOMIC ENERGY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
1+4
-
1+8
A
=
1
Q
6
ATOMIC
61
25
7
-
1
2
3
4
6
6
5
8
9
E
=
5
Q
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
6
Q
12
ATOMIC ENERGY
135
63
9
-
1
2
3
4
6
6
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
1+3+5
6+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
6
Q
6
ATOMIC ENERGY
9
9
9
-
1
2
3
4
6
6
5
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ATOMIC ENERGY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
K
=
2
Q
6
ATOMIC
61
25
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
Q
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
7
Q
12
ATOMIC ENERGY
135
63
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
T
=
2
2
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
C
=
3
6
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
4
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
7
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
N
=
5
8
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
9
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
O
=
6
3
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
G
=
7
11
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
Y
=
7
12
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
R
=
9
10
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
15
6
14
8
18
-
-
-
-
-
ATOMIC ENERGY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
1+4
-
1+8
A
=
1
Q
6
ATOMIC
61
25
7
-
1
2
3
4
6
6
5
8
9
E
=
5
Q
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
6
Q
12
ATOMIC ENERGY
135
63
9
-
1
2
3
4
6
6
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
1+3+5
6+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
6
Q
6
ATOMIC ENERGY
9
9
9
-
1
2
3
4
6
6
5
8
9

 

LETTERS REARRANGED NUMERICALLY

 

ATOMIC NUMBERS

 

-
-
-
-
-
ATOMIC NUMBERS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
K
=
2
Q
6
ATOMIC
61
25
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
Q
7
NUMBERS
92
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
7
Q
13
ATOMIC NUMBERS
153
63
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ATOMIC
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
2
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
3
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
M
=
4
4
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
C
=
3
6
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
25
-
-
ATOMIC
61
25
25
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
NUMBERS
-
Q
Q
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
7
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
8
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
10
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
11
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
12
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
S
=
1
13
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
29
-
7
NUMBERS
92
38
29
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
4
6
8
10
6
7
8
18
-
-
-
-
-
ATOMIC NUMBERS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
1+8
A
=
1
Q
6
ATOMIC
61
25
7
-
2
4
6
8
1
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
Q
6
NUMBERS
92
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
6
Q
12
ATOMIC NUMBERS
153
63
9
-
2
4
6
88
1
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
1+3+5
6+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
6
Q
6
ATOMIC NUMBERS
9
9
9
-
2
4
6
8
1
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ATOMIC NUMBERS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
K
=
2
Q
6
ATOMIC
61
25
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
Q
7
NUMBERS
92
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
7
Q
13
ATOMIC NUMBERS
153
63
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ATOMIC
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
T
=
2
2
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
O
=
6
3
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
8
-
M
=
4
4
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
8
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
9
C
=
3
6
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
7
8
-
N
=
5
7
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
8
-
U
=
3
8
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
7
8
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
8
-
B
=
2
10
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
E
=
5
11
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
8
-
R
=
9
12
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
9
S
=
1
13
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
4
6
8
10
6
7
8
18
-
-
-
-
-
ATOMIC NUMBERS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
1+8
A
=
1
Q
6
ATOMIC
61
25
7
-
2
4
6
8
1
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
Q
6
NUMBERS
92
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
6
Q
12
ATOMIC NUMBERS
153
63
9
-
2
4
6
88
1
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
1+3+5
6+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
6
Q
6
ATOMIC NUMBERS
9
9
9
-
2
4
6
8
1
6
7
8
9

 

LETTERS REARRANGED NUMERICALLY

 

-
-
-
-
-
ATOMIC NUMBERS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
K
=
2
Q
6
ATOMIC
61
25
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
Q
7
NUMBERS
92
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
7
Q
13
ATOMIC NUMBERS
153
63
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ATOMIC
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
S
=
1
13
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
T
=
2
2
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
B
=
2
10
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
C
=
3
6
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
7
8
-
U
=
3
8
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
7
8
-
M
=
4
4
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
8
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
8
-
N
=
5
7
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
8
-
E
=
5
11
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
8
-
O
=
6
3
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
8
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
9
R
=
9
12
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
4
6
8
10
6
7
8
18
-
-
-
-
-
ATOMIC NUMBERS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
1+8
A
=
1
Q
6
ATOMIC
61
25
7
-
2
4
6
8
1
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
Q
6
NUMBERS
92
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
6
Q
12
ATOMIC NUMBERS
153
63
9
-
2
4
6
88
1
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
1+3+5
6+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
6
Q
6
ATOMIC NUMBERS
9
9
9
-
2
4
6
8
1
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ATOMIC NUMBERS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
9
K
=
2
Q
6
ATOMIC
61
25
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
Q
7
NUMBERS
92
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
7
Q
13
ATOMIC NUMBERS
153
63
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ATOMIC
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
9
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
13
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
2
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
10
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
6
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
8
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
4
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
N
=
5
7
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
E
=
5
11
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
O
=
6
3
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
12
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
4
6
8
10
6
18
-
-
-
-
-
ATOMIC NUMBERS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
1+8
A
=
1
Q
6
ATOMIC
61
25
7
-
2
4
6
8
1
6
9
E
=
5
Q
6
NUMBERS
92
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
6
Q
12
ATOMIC NUMBERS
153
63
9
-
2
4
6
88
1
6
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
1+3+5
6+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
Q
6
Q
6
ATOMIC NUMBERS
9
9
9
-
2
4
6
8
1
6
9

 

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
G
=
7
-
3
GOD
26
26
8
P
=
7
-
8
PARTICLE
84
39
3
-
-
16
-
14
Add to Reduce
143
80
17
-
-
1+6
-
1+4
Reduce to Deduce
1+4+3
8+0
1+7
-
-
7
-
5
Essence of Number
8
8
8

 

 

The "God Particle" - Advanced Science Newshttps://www.advancedsciencenews.com › science-of-the...
6 Dec 2019 — It was termed the “God particle” and hailed as the particle which gave all matter its mass. One of these phrases is obvious click-bait, ...

Higgs boson - Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Higgs_boson

In the mainstream media, the Higgs boson has often been called the "God particle" from the 1993 book The God Particle by Nobel Laureate Leon Lederman, ...
?The God Particle (book) · ?Peter Higgs · ?Higgs mechanism · ?Scalar boson
The Higgs boson, sometimes called the Higgs particle,[9][10] is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field,[11][12] one of the fields in particle physics theory.[12] In the Standard Model, the Higgs particle is a massive scalar boson with zero spin, even (positive) parity, no electric charge, and no colour charge, that couples to (interacts with) mass.[13] It is also very unstable, decaying into other particles almost immediately.

The Higgs field is a scalar field, with two neutral and two electrically charged components that form a complex doublet of the weak isospin SU(2) symmetry. Its "Mexican hat-shaped" potential has a nonzero value everywhere (including otherwise empty space), which breaks the weak isospin symmetry of the electroweak interaction, and via the Higgs mechanism gives some particles mass.

Both the field and the boson are named after physicist Peter Higgs, who in 1964 along with five other scientists in three teams, proposed the Higgs mechanism, a way that some particles can acquire mass. (All fundamental particles known at the time[c] should be massless at very high energies, but fully explaining how some particles gain mass at lower energies, had been extremely difficult.) If these ideas were correct, a particle known as a scalar boson should also exist, with certain properties. This particle was called the Higgs boson, and could be used to test whether the Higgs field was the correct explanation.

After a 40 year search, a subatomic particle with the expected properties was discovered in 2012 by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN near Geneva, Switzerland. The new particle was subsequently confirmed to match the expected properties of a Higgs boson. Physicists from two of the three teams, Peter Higgs and François Englert, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2013 for their theoretical predictions. Although Higgs's name has come to be associated with this theory, several researchers between about 1960 and 1972 independently developed different parts of it.

In the mainstream media, the Higgs boson has often been called the "God particle" from the 1993 book The God Particle by Nobel Laureate Leon Lederman,[14] although the nickname is not endorsed by many physicists.[15][16]

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
G
=
7
-
3
GOD
26
26
8
P
=
7
-
8
PARTICLE
84
39
3
-
-
16
-
14
Add to Reduce
143
80
17
-
-
1+6
-
1+4
Reduce to Deduce
1+4+3
8+0
1+7
-
-
7
-
5
Essence of Number
8
8
8

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE GOD PARTICLE
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
G
=
7
-
3
GOD
26
26
8
P
=
7
-
8
PARTICLE
84
39
3
-
-
16
-
14
THE GOD PARTICLE
143
80
17
-
-
1+6
-
1+4
-
1+4+3
8+0
1+7
-
-
7
-
5
THE GOD PARTICLE
8
8
8

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE GOD PARTICLE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
3
GOD
26
17
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
8
PARTICLE
84
39
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
-
14
THE GOD PARTICLE
143
80
17
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
-
3
-
33
15
15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
4
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
5
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
D
=
4
6
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
3
-
26
17
17
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
7
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
A
=
1
8
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
9
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
10
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
C
=
3
11
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
12
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
30
-
8
-
84
30
30
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
THE GOD PARTICLE
-
-
-
-
1
4
6
4
10
6
14
8
18
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
1+4
-
1+8
G
=
7
-
3
GOD
26
26
8
-
1
4
6
4
1
6
5
8
9
P
=
7
-
8
PARTICLE
84
39
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
-
14
THE GOD PARTICLE
143
80
17
-
1
4
6
4
1
6
5
8
9
-
-
1+6
-
1+4
-
1+4+3
8+0
1+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
5
THE GOD PARTICLE
8
8
8
-
1
4
6
4
1
6
5
8
9

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE GOD PARTICLE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
3
GOD
26
17
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
8
PARTICLE
84
39
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
-
14
THE GOD PARTICLE
143
80
17
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
4
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
5
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
D
=
4
6
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
7
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
A
=
1
8
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
9
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
10
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
C
=
3
11
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
12
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
THE GOD PARTICLE
-
-
-
-
1
4
6
4
10
6
14
8
18
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
1+4
-
1+8
G
=
7
-
3
GOD
26
26
8
-
1
4
6
4
1
6
5
8
9
P
=
7
-
8
PARTICLE
84
39
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
-
14
THE GOD PARTICLE
143
80
17
-
1
4
6
4
1
6
5
8
9
-
-
1+6
-
1+4
-
1+4+3
8+0
1+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
5
THE GOD PARTICLE
8
8
8
-
1
4
6
4
1
6
5
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE GOD PARTICLE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
3
GOD
26
17
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
8
PARTICLE
84
39
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
-
14
THE GOD PARTICLE
143
80
17
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
8
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
9
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
11
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
12
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
6
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
5
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
4
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
P
=
7
7
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
10
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
THE GOD PARTICLE
-
-
-
-
1
4
6
4
10
6
14
8
18
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
1+4
-
1+8
G
=
7
-
3
GOD
26
26
8
-
1
4
6
4
1
6
5
8
9
P
=
7
-
8
PARTICLE
84
39
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
-
14
THE GOD PARTICLE
143
80
17
-
1
4
6
4
1
6
5
8
9
-
-
1+6
-
1+4
-
1+4+3
8+0
1+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
5
THE GOD PARTICLE
8
8
8
-
1
4
6
4
1
6
5
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
G
=
7
-
3
GOD
26
26
8
P
=
7
-
9
PARTICLES
103
40
4
-
-
16
-
15
Add to Reduce
162
81
18
-
-
1+6
-
1+5
Reduce to Deduce
1+6+2
8+1
1+8
-
-
7
-
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
G
=
7
-
3
GOD
26
26
8
P
=
7
-
9
PARTICLES
103
40
4
-
-
16
-
15
Add to Reduce
162
81
18
-
-
1+6
-
1+5
Reduce to Deduce
1+6+2
8+1
1+8
-
-
7
-
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

Higgs boson - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson

The Higgs boson is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics. First suspected to exist in the 1960s, it is the quantum excitation of the Higgs field, a fundamental field of crucial importance to particle physics theory. Unlike other known fields such as the electromagnetic field, it has a non-zero constant ...

Higgs boson
Subatomic particle

The Higgs boson is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics. First suspected to exist in the 1960s, it is the quantum excitation of the Higgs field, a fundamental field of crucial importance to particle physics theory. Wikipedia

Composition: Elementary particle

Classification: Boson

Symbol: H°

Mass: 125.09±0.21 (stat.)±0.11 (syst.) GeV/c² (CMS+ATLAS)

Electric charge: 0 e

Discovered: Large Hadron Collider (2011–2013)

Mean lifetime: 1.56×10-22 s (predicted)

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
H
=
8
-
5
HIGGS
50
41
5
B
=
2
-
5
BOSON
65
29
2
-
-
12
-
13
First Total
148
85
13
-
-
1+2
-
1+3
Add to Reduce
1+4+8
8+5
1+3
-
-
3
-
4
Second Total
13
13
4
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
3
-
4
Essence of Number
4
4
4

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE HIGGS BOSON
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
THE
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
6
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
-
-
-
15
-
3
THE
33
15
15
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
HIGGS
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
-
9
G
=
7
6
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
G
=
7
7
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
S
=
1
8
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
32
-
5
HIGGS
50
41
32
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
BOSON
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
9
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
10
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
-
-
-
S
=
1
11
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
12
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
13
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
-
-
-
20
-
5
BOSON
65
29
20
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
67
-
13
THE HIGGS BOSON
148
85
67
-
2
4
3
4
10
12
14
16
9
6+7
-
1+3
-
1+4+8
8+5
6+7
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
1+4
1+6
-
-
-
13
-
4
THE HIGGS BOSON
13
13
13
-
2
4
3
4
1
3
5
7
9
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
THE HIGGS BOSON
4
4
4
-
2
4
3
4
1
3
5
7
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE HIGGS BOSON
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
6
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
-
9
G
=
7
6
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
G
=
7
7
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
S
=
1
8
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
9
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
10
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
-
-
-
S
=
1
11
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
12
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
13
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
67
-
13
THE HIGGS BOSON
148
85
67
-
2
4
3
4
10
12
14
16
9
6+7
-
1+3
-
1+4+8
8+5
6+7
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
1+4
1+6
-
-
-
13
-
4
THE HIGGS BOSON
13
13
13
-
2
4
3
4
1
3
5
7
9
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
THE HIGGS BOSON
4
4
4
-
2
4
3
4
1
3
5
7
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE HIGGS BOSON
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
8
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
11
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
6
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
9
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
13
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
10
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
-
-
-
O
=
6
12
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
6
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
G
=
7
7
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
8
-
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
67
-
13
THE HIGGS BOSON
148
85
67
-
2
4
3
4
10
12
14
16
9
6+7
-
1+3
-
1+4+8
8+5
6+7
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
1+4
1+6
-
-
-
13
-
4
THE HIGGS BOSON
13
13
13
-
2
4
3
4
1
3
5
7
9
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
THE HIGGS BOSON
4
4
4
-
2
4
3
4
1
3
5
7
9

 

LETTERS RE-ARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE HIGGS BOSON
-
-
-
-
1
2
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
8
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
11
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
6
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
9
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
13
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
10
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
O
=
6
12
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
6
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
G
=
7
7
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
67
-
13
THE HIGGS BOSON
148
85
67
-
2
4
10
12
14
16
9
6+7
-
1+3
-
1+4+8
8+5
6+7
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
1+4
1+6
-
-
-
13
-
4
THE HIGGS BOSON
13
13
13
-
2
4
1
3
5
7
9
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
THE HIGGS BOSON
4
4
4
-
2
4
1
3
5
7
9

 

 

H
=
8
-
5
HIGGS
50
32
5
B
=
2
-
5
BOSON
65
20
2
P
=
7
-
8
PARTICLE
84
39
3
-
-
17
-
18
First Total
199
91
10
-
-
1+7
-
1+8
Add to Reduce
1+9+9
9+1
1+0
-
-
8
-
18
Second Total
10
10
1
-
-
-
-
1+8
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
8
-
9
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

 

E
=
5
-
-
ENERGY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
2
G+Y
32
14
5
E
=
5
-
6
ENERGY
74
38
29
-
-
-
-
-
-
7+4
3+8
2+9
E
=
5
4
6
ENERGY
11
11
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
1+1
1+1
E
=
5
4
6
ENERGY
2
2
2

 


E
=
5
-
-
ENERGY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
2
G+Y
32
14
5
E
=
5
-
6
ENERGY
74
38
29
-
-
-
-
-
-
7+4
3+8
2+9
E
=
5
4
6
ENERGY
11
11
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
1+1
1+1
E
=
5
4
6
ENERGY
2
2
2

 


6
ENERGY
74
38
2
8
ENERGIES
82
46
1
9
ENERGISED
86
50
5

 

 

Everything Is Energy and Science Has Proved It – Here Is How ...
https://www.learning-mind.com › Food for thought

14 Sep 2018 - Many spiritual traditions have viewed everything in the universe as part of an interconnected web of energy. ... Basically, there was a widespread belief that everything is energy or at least that a consciousness flows through everything. ... Quantum physics proves that solid matter does ...

If quantum mechanics hasn’t profoundly shocked you, you haven’t understood it yet. Everything we call real is made of things that cannot be regarded as real.”

– Niels Bohr

 

energy' related words: work vitality electricity [598 more]
relatedwords.org › relatedto › energy

Words Related to energy According to the algorithm that drives this word similarity engine, the top 5 related words for "energy" are: kinetic energy, work, radiant energy, vitality, and electricity.

 

Energy is from energos, an ancient Greek word that means "active or working.

 

E
=
5
-
-
ENERGOS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
2
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
10
1
E
=
5
-
7
ENERGOS
83
47
38
-
-
-
-
-
-
8+3
4+7
3+8
E
=
5
4
7
ENERGOS
11
11
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
1+1
1+1
E
=
5
4
7
ENERGOS
2
2
2

 

Energy is from energos, an ancient Greek word that means "active or working.

 

E
=
5
-
-
ENERGOS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
2
G+O+S
41
14
5
E
=
5
-
7
ENERGOS
83
47
38
-
-
-
-
-
-
8+3
4+7
3+8
E
=
5
4
7
ENERGOS
11
11
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
1+1
1+1
E
=
5
4
7
ENERGOS
2
2
2

 

" The word "energy" was first used in the scientific sense of mechanical or electrical energy in the 1800s.

ENERGY ENERGIES ENERGISE ENERGISES ENERGISED ENERGISING

 

E
=
5
-
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
E
=
5
-
8
ENERGIES
82
46
1
E
=
5
-
8
ENERGISE
82
46
1
E
=
5
-
9
ENERGISES
101
38
2
E
=
5
-
9
ENERGISED
86
50
5
E
=
5
-
10
ENERGISING
107
62
8
-
-
30
-
50
First Total
532
280
19
-
-
3+0
-
5+0
Add to Reduce
2+3+5
1+1+8
1+0
-
-
3
-
5
Second Total
10
10
1
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
3
-
5
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
-
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
8
ENERGIES
82
55
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
8
ENERGISE
82
55
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
9
ENERGISES
101
65
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
9
ENERGISED
86
59
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
10
ENERGISING
107
71
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
30
-
50
First Total
532
343
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
N
=
5
2
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
R
=
9
4
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
G
=
7
5
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
Y
=
7
6
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
-
-
38
-
6
-
74
38
38
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
7
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
N
=
5
8
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
9
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
R
=
9
10
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
G
=
7
11
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
I
=
9
12
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
S
=
1
14
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
-
-
46
-
8
-
82
55
46
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
15
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
N
=
5
16
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
17
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
R
=
9
18
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
G
=
7
19
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
I
=
9
20
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
S
=
1
21
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
22
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
-
-
46
-
8
-
82
55
46
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
23
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
N
=
5
24
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
25
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
R
=
9
26
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
G
=
7
27
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
I
=
9
28
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
S
=
1
29
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
30
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
S
=
1
31
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
-
-
47
-
9
-
101
65
47
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
32
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
N
=
5
33
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
34
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
R
=
9
35
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
G
=
7
36
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
I
=
9
37
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
S
=
1
38
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
39
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
D
=
4
40
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
2
3
4
-
6
-
8
-
-
-
50
-
9
-
86
59
50
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
41
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
N
=
5
42
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
43
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
R
=
9
44
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
G
=
7
45
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
I
=
9
46
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
S
=
1
47
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
I
=
9
48
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
N
=
5
49
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
G
=
7
50
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
-
-
50
-
10
-
107
71
62
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
6
2
3
4
115
6
56
8
108
E
=
5
-
8
ENERGIES
82
55
1
-
-
-
-
-
1+1+5
-
5+6
-
1+0+8
E
=
5
-
8
ENERGISE
82
55
1
-
6
2
3
4
7
6
11
8
9
E
=
5
-
9
ENERGISES
101
65
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
-
E
=
5
-
9
ENERGISED
86
59
5
-
6
2
3
4
7
6
2
8
9
E
=
5
-
10
ENERGISING
107
71
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
30
-
50
First Total
532
343
19
-
6
2
3
4
7
6
2
8
9
-
-
3+0
-
5+0
Add to Reduce
2+3+5
1+1+8
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
5
Second Total
10
10
1
-
6
2
3
4
7
6
2
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
5
Essence of Number
1
1
1
-
6
2
3
4
7
6
2
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
-
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
8
ENERGIES
82
55
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
8
ENERGISE
82
55
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
9
ENERGISES
101
65
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
9
ENERGISED
86
59
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
10
ENERGISING
107
71
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
30
-
50
First Total
532
343
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
N
=
5
2
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
R
=
9
4
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
G
=
7
5
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
Y
=
7
6
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
E
=
5
7
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
N
=
5
8
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
9
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
R
=
9
10
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
G
=
7
11
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
I
=
9
12
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
S
=
1
14
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
15
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
N
=
5
16
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
17
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
R
=
9
18
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
G
=
7
19
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
I
=
9
20
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
S
=
1
21
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
22
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
23
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
N
=
5
24
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
25
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
R
=
9
26
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
G
=
7
27
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
I
=
9
28
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
S
=
1
29
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
30
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
S
=
1
31
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
32
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
N
=
5
33
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
34
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
R
=
9
35
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
G
=
7
36
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
I
=
9
37
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
S
=
1
38
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
39
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
D
=
4
40
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
2
3
4
-
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
41
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
N
=
5
42
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
43
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
R
=
9
44
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
G
=
7
45
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
I
=
9
46
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
S
=
1
47
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
I
=
9
48
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
N
=
5
49
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
G
=
7
50
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
6
2
3
4
115
6
56
8
108
E
=
5
-
8
ENERGIES
82
55
1
-
-
-
-
-
1+1+5
-
5+6
-
1+0+8
E
=
5
-
8
ENERGISE
82
55
1
-
6
2
3
4
7
6
11
8
9
E
=
5
-
9
ENERGISES
101
65
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
-
E
=
5
-
9
ENERGISED
86
59
5
-
6
2
3
4
7
6
2
8
9
E
=
5
-
10
ENERGISING
107
71
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
30
-
50
First Total
532
343
19
-
6
2
3
4
7
6
2
8
9
-
-
3+0
-
5+0
Add to Reduce
2+3+5
1+1+8
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
5
Second Total
10
10
1
-
6
2
3
4
7
6
2
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
5
Essence of Number
1
1
1
-
6
2
3
4
7
6
2
8
9

 

ENERGYENERGIESENERGISEENERGISESENERGISEDENERGISING

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED INTO NUMERICAL ORDER

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
-
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
8
ENERGIES
82
55
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
8
ENERGISE
82
55
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
9
ENERGISES
101
65
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
9
ENERGISED
86
59
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
10
ENERGISING
107
71
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
30
-
50
First Total
532
343
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
14
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
S
=
1
21
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
S
=
1
31
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
S
=
1
29
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
S
=
1
38
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
S
=
1
47
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
D
=
4
40
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
2
3
4
-
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
N
=
5
2
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
7
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
N
=
5
8
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
9
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
15
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
N
=
5
16
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
17
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
22
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
23
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
N
=
5
24
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
25
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
30
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
32
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
N
=
5
33
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
34
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
39
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
41
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
N
=
5
42
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
43
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
N
=
5
49
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
2
3
-
5
6
-
8
-
G
=
7
5
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
Y
=
7
6
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
G
=
7
11
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
G
=
7
19
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
G
=
7
27
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
G
=
7
36
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
G
=
7
45
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
G
=
7
50
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
R
=
9
10
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
I
=
9
12
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
R
=
9
18
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
R
=
9
4
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
I
=
9
20
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
R
=
9
26
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
I
=
9
28
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
R
=
9
35
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
I
=
9
37
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
R
=
9
44
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
I
=
9
46
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
I
=
9
48
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
6
2
3
4
115
6
56
8
108
E
=
5
-
8
ENERGIES
82
55
1
-
-
-
-
-
1+1+5
-
5+6
-
1+0+8
E
=
5
-
8
ENERGISE
82
55
1
-
6
2
3
4
7
6
11
8
9
E
=
5
-
9
ENERGISES
101
65
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
-
E
=
5
-
9
ENERGISED
86
59
5
-
6
2
3
4
7
6
2
8
9
E
=
5
-
10
ENERGISING
107
71
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
30
-
50
First Total
532
343
19
-
6
2
3
4
7
6
2
8
9
-
-
3+0
-
5+0
Add to Reduce
2+3+5
1+1+8
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
5
Second Total
10
10
1
-
6
2
3
4
7
6
2
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
5
Essence of Number
1
1
1
-
6
2
3
4
7
6
2
8
9

 

 

SOUL SO U LIVE
SOUL SO U LEARN
SOUL SO U LOVE

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
PROBLEMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
37
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
37
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
3+7
-
-
1+0+0
4+6
3+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
10
10
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
1
1
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
PROBLEMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
37
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
37
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
3+7
-
-
1+0+0
4+6
3+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
10
10
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
1
1
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
PROBLEMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
37
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
37
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
-
-
3+7
-
-
1+0+0
4+6
3+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
10
10
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
1
1
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
11

GLORIA IN EXCELSIS

-
-
-
G
=
7
-
6
GLORIA
62
35
8
I
=
9
-
2
IN
23
14
5
E
=
5
-
8
EXCELSIS
96
33
6
-
-
21
-
16

GLORIA IN EXCELSIS

181
82
19
-
-
2+1
-
1+6
-
1+8+1
8+2
1+9
-
-
3
-
7

GLORIA IN EXCELSIS

10
10
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
3
-
72

GLORIA IN EXCELSIS

1
1
1

 

 

-
-
-
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

-
-
-
S
=
1
-
7
SOLVING
98
44
8
P
=
7
-
8
PPROBLEMS
100
46
1
-
-
8
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

198
90
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
1+9+8
9+0
-
-
-
8
-
6

SOLVING PROBLEMS

18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
8
-
6

SOLVING PROBLEMS

1
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
-
7
SOLVING
98
44
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
8
PPROBLEMS
100
46
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

198
90
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SOLVING
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
L
=
3
3
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
V
=
4
4
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
N
=
5
6
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
7
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PROBLEMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
8
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
R
=
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
O
=
6
10
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
B
=
2
11
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
12
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
14
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
15
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
7
SOLVING
98
44
8
-
2
2
6
8
10
12
14
8
18
P
=
7
-
8
PPROBLEMS
100
46
1
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
1+4
-
1+8
-
-
8
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

198
90
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
1+9+8
9+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
6

SOLVING PROBLEMS

18
9
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
6

SOLVING PROBLEMS

9
9
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
-
7
SOLVING
98
44
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
8
PPROBLEMS
100
46
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

198
90
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
L
=
3
3
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
V
=
4
4
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
N
=
5
6
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
G
=
7
7
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
P
=
7
8
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
R
=
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
O
=
6
10
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
B
=
2
11
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
L
=
3
12
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
14
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
S
=
1
15
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
7
SOLVING
98
44
8
-
2
2
6
8
10
12
14
8
18
P
=
7
-
8
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SOLVING PROBLEMS

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LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

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TRANSPOSED LETTERS REARRANGED NUMERICALLY

 

 

BREATHE ON ME BREATH OF GOD

 

 

HOLY BIBLE

Scofield References

Page 7

GENESIS

C 2 V 7

And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul

 

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1

 

 

setiathome.berkeley.edu      Join the Search for Alien Life

Message boards: SETI @ home Science: If someone found a signal would the public know ?

Message

Message 765818 Posted 10 Jun 2008 20:59:38 UTC

I am just woundering if there was a signal found. how long wound it take for the public to be informed.

I hate to think that this information would be kept to a choosen few.

I also think it is possable, that we have already found a signal and the general public will not be told for a very very long time.

One more thing, If ET says hello... What are we going to say back?

 

Message 765821 Posted 10 Jun 2008 21:06:26 UTC - in response to Message ID 765818.

I am just woundering if there was a signal found. how long wound it take for the public to be informed.

I hate to think that this information would be kept to a choosen few.

I also think it is possable, that we have already found a signal and the general public will not be told for a very very long time.

One more thing, If ET says hello... What are we going to say back?

Despite the denials, we\'d not get to know for a few years I\'d guess. There\'s too many vested interests ranging from the church to governments, the military and big business.

SETI has the Wow signal and at least one other signal that have ALL the hallmarks of being extra terrestial. But, there\'s always something that stops them saying so ie not confirmed by another source or, there\'s \'nothing in that particular part of the sky\' etc. Yes, Im a cynic now. Just returned to SETI but I know, as I suspect we all do, that we\'ll never get to find \'that\' signal.

 

Message 765857 Posted 10 Jun 2008 22:14:54 UTC

To answer the main question: yes, the public will know once a signal is confirmed, and yes, they will know as soon as possible (days not years).

Matt

BOINC/SETI@home network/web/science/development person
"Any idiot can have a good idea. What is hard is to do it." - Jeanne-Claude ID: 765857

 

Message 765952 - Posted 11 Jun 2008 7:12:47 UTC - in response to Message ID 765912

btw - is your response to this based upom what you just (recently) Posted re: sys admin ;))

Actually.. no - though I see where you might have drawn a hopeful conclusion. I just always feel it\'s important to snuff out wrongful conspiracy theories concerning my day job. Things are never are as complicated/secretive/conspiratorial as people think (or hope in some cases)

Matt

BOINC/SETI@home network/web/science/development person

"Any idiot can have a good idea. What is hard is to do it." - Jeanne-Claude

 

Message 766101 - Posted 11 Jun 2008 7:12:47 UTC - in response to Message ID 765857

To answer the main question: yes, the public will know once a signal is confirmed, and yes, they will know as soon as possible (days not years).

Matt

How many unconfirmed signals found? Other than the WOW! one

 

Message 766204 - Posted 11 Jun 2008 15:07:35 UTC

A couple of days ago I watched as the graphics catched or stumbled upon a big gaussian (not the same one as mentioned some place else). It did not come up in the numbers thereafter and I did unfortunately not take the number of the WU, sorry to say.

Possibly (but very uncertainly) it may have been WU 06mr08ah.13828.82132.6.8.73._2_0 . In any case, that WU had a spike of 1.70, a gaussian of -8.01 (which is low and not the opposite as some other like to tell) and a pulse of 100996 (Yes!). No triplet. If it was that one, it could be interesting...ID: 766204

 

Message 766238 Posted 11 Jun 2008 16:41:52 UTC

It would be nice if somewhere in the seti program when it knows positive that it has a signal that is states across the screen... \"CANDIDATE SIGNAL FOUND!\" like it did in the movie Contact. ;)

 

Message 766299Posted 11 Jun 2008 18:49:23 UTC - in response to Message ID 766238.

Last modified: 11 Jun 2008 18:58:49 UTC

It would be nice if somewhere in the seti program when it knows positive that it has a signal that is states across the screen... \"CANDIDATE SIGNAL FOUND!\" like it did in the movie Contact. ;)

The problem is, it doesn't know.

Only humans can make that determination, and only after revisiting what they determine are *possible* candidates and scanning their locations again and again.

How many unconfirmed signals found? Other than the WOW! one

Zero

No signal has ever been found which had the characteristics of the WOW! signal (ie; unconfirmed origin and not a natural source, either a glitch, interference, or the real thing)

The closest that the SETI@Home team ever came was this one- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_source_SHGb02%2B14a

Unlike WOW!, this is not something that appeared for an instant and could never be found again; this was found again, and presumably can still be detected by any radio telescope with sufficient capability. This is not an "unconfirmed signal" because it was determined not to be a signal at all.

I'll admit, I'm not satisfied with the explanations as to why it was eventually determined not to be a candidate signal, and to my knowledge, no thorough public explanation has ever been given. It's not that I personally think it's a signal (I don't), I'd just like to know exactly why scientists are so sure it's not.

 

Message 767007- Posted 12 Jun 2008 19:44:03 UTC - in response to Message ID 766299.

This is not an "unconfirmed signal" because it was determined not to be a signal at all.

Thats my point! People argue over the very basic question whether a signal is a candidate. It doesnt fit the bill so lets dismiss it therefore we havent got an 'unconfirmed \ potential signal' to talk about.

I'll admit, I'm not satisfied with the explanations as to why it was eventually determined not to be a candidate signal, and to my knowledge, no thorough public explanation has ever been given. It's not that I personally think it's a signal (I don't), I'd just like to know exactly why scientists are so sure it's not.

Im not satisfied either but I think its highly unlikely you'll get scientists to agree. The signal appears to meet all the criteria for a 'candidate' but is dismissed because 'there's nothing in that part of the sky' and something to do with rotational period or something I mean were either of those two conditions in SETI's original conditions for a candidate?

I dont think so.Im not satisfied either but I think its highly unlikely you'll get scientists to agree. The signal appears to meet all the criteria for a 'candidate' but is dismissed because 'there's nothing in that part of the sky' and something to do with rotational period or something.

I mean were either of those two conditions in SETI's original conditions for a candidate? I dont think so.

 

Message 767082- Posted 12 Jun 2008 22:12:21 UTC - in response to Message ID 76007. Last modified: 12 Jun 2008 22:18:08 UTC

The signal appears to meet all the criteria for a 'candidate' but is dismissed because 'there's nothing in that part of the sky' and something to do with rotational period or something.

The WOW! signal did apparently fit the criteria for artificial origin, but an Earthbound source or glitch in the system couldn't be ruled out since it could never be detected again or independently verified by any other telescope.

As for the SETI@Home signal, while I think they know the criteria better than we do, I admit that I don't fully understand the explanation. Just because I don't understand it doesn't mean I don't agree with it. If the signal were as compelling as you seem to think it is, it wouldn't have been dismissed, certainly not by the SETI@Home team which has put years' worth of effort and investment into this project, and certainly not by other SETI teams, like the SETI Institute.

I may not be happy that it turned out not be a signal from ET, and I may not be personally satisfied with the explanations, but I have to concede that they know more about the signal than I do and they know more about why it's not a good candidate than I do.

 

Message 767267- Posted 13 Jun 2008 4:53:21 UTC - in response to Message ID 765952.

btw - is your response to this based upom what you just (recently) Posted re: sys admin ;))

Actually.. no - though I see where you might have drawn a hopeful conclusion. I just always feel it\'s important to snuff out wrongful conspiracy theories concerning my day job. Things are never are as complicated/secretive/conspiratorial as people think (or hope in some cases).

- Matt

Yeah, but everyone likes a god conspiracy theory :)

 

 

DAILY MAIL

Thursday, September 11, 2008

Pages 12/13

"BANG! Day the/world didn't end"

Page 12

'Secrets of the universe' machine is turned on. . . but we're till here

Michael Hanlon Science Editor

Page 12/13

"Suffering superlatives/or how Marr got his particles all shook up"

Page 13

"A few of them said 'wow! from time to time but there was nothing much to see or hear"

Quentin Letts

 

 

THE CITIZEN

WAKEFIELD

City of Wakefield Metropolitan District Council

Issue 26 July/August 2006

THE PAPER FOR THE DISTRICT'S RESIDENTS

Page 11

"WOW What's On in Wakefield District"

"DIARY OF FORTHCOMING EVENTS"

 

 

FIRST CONTACT

THE SEARCH FOR EXTRA TERRESTRIAL INTELLIGENCE

Edited by Ben Nova and Byron Preiss 1990

Page 256

"Two types of unexplained signals were detected during this search. The first kind is quite rare, with the best example being the 'Wow' signal found in 1977. This /Page 257/ name was unintenionally applied from Jerry Ehman's comments in the margin of the computer printout when he noticed the signal. The signal was unmistakably strong and had all the characteristics of an extra-terrestrial signal."

"We searched in the direction of the 'Wow!' signal hundreds of times after its discovery and over a wide frequency range. We never found the signal again.

"...the 'Wow signal was received only once..."

"What was the wow signal? Probably we will never know."

 

 

LIFE OUT THERE

Michael White1998

SIGNALS FROM BEYOND

5

Page 99/100

Page 102

"So far the most important find was a signal detected at the Ohio University 'Big Ear' radio telescope in August 1977. Known by SETI researchers and enthusiasts as the 'Wow' signal, after the monoyllabic exclamation written on the computer print-out by an astonished astronomer at the station, it lasted exactly thirty-seven seconds and appears to have come from the direction of Sagittarius. Although, most strikingly, the signal was a narrow-band signal precisely at the hydrogen frequency of 1420 MHz, it has not been detected even a second time, in Sagittarius or anywhere else.

So, what of the future? Is the continuing search for intelligent life in the Universe a total waste of money, as its opponents insist, or are we perhaps on the threshold of a great discovery?

 

 

LIFE OUT THERE

Michael White 1998

THE TRUTH OF AND SEARCH FOR EXTRA TERRESTRIAL LIFE

SIGNALS FROM BEYOND

5

Page 99/100

Page 102

"So far the most important find was a signal detected at the Ohio University 'Big Ear' radio telescope in August 1977. Known by SETI researchers and enthusiasts as the 'Wow' signal, after the monoyllabic exclamation written on the computer print-out by an astonished astronomer at the station, it lasted exactly thirty-seven seconds and appears to have come from the direction of Sagittarius. Although, most strikingly, the signal was a narrow-band signal precisely at the hydrogen frequency of 1420 MHz, it has not been detected even a second time, in Sagittarius or anywhere else."

 

 

MAN AND THE STARS

CONTACT AND COMMUNICATION WITH OTHER INTELLIGENCE

Duncan Lunan 1974

THE MYSTERIOUS SIGNALS FROM OUTER SPACE

Page 323

DID ANYONE FOLLOW IT UP

13

"Oh whistle and i'll come tae you my lad . . ."

Page 835

IS ANYONE HERE NOW

14

"Arthur Clarke said we must learn to live with our/ Page 836 / selves, to meet others properly.14 Chris Boyce said here, in Chapter 8, that we should set our own house:" in order, in our relations with one another and with other life on Earth. Robert Burns said: "Oh wad some po'er the giftie gie us, to see oorsels as ithers see us. . . ." It's time we took some action on that basis; indeed, it always has been."

"Oh wad some po'er the giftie gie us, to see oorsels as ithers see us. . . ."

 

 

DAILY MAIL

Friday, August 15, 2008

Ephraim Hardcastle

Page 19

"Oh, wad some power the gift to gie us/ To see oursels as others see us"

 

 

MAN AND THE STARS

CONTACT AND COMMUNICATION WITH OTHER INTELLIGENCE

Duncan Lunan 1974

a liberating adventure for mankind? Or a disaster...?

Page 72

"Here John Macavey quoted Pope:

Observe how system into system runs,

What other planets circle other suns,

What varied beings people every star

 

 

OF TIME AND STARS

Arthur C. Clarke 1972

The Sentinel

"I can never look now at the Milky Way without wondering from which of those banked clouds of stars the emissaries are coming. If you will pardon so commonplace a simile, we have set off the fire alarm and have nothing to do but wait. I do not think we will have to wait for long."

 

 

OF TIME AND STARS

Arthur C. Clarke 1972

Page 81

If I forget Thee, Oh Earth

"He stared into the west, away from the blinding splendour of the sun - and there were the stars, as he had been told but had never quite believed. He gazed at them for a long time marvelling that anything could be so bright and yet so tiny. They were intense unscintillating points, and suddenly he remembered a rhyme he had once read in one of his father's books:

Twinkle, Twinkle, little star,

How I wonder what you are."

 

 

DAILY MAIL

Tuesday October 7, 2008

Page 23

".........nursery rhymes and songs such as Twinkle Twinkle Little Star."

 

 

Good Morning Starshine

Good Morning Starshine The earth says hello You twinkle above us We twinkle below

Good Morning Starshine You lead us along My love and me as we sing Our early morning singing song

Gliddy glub gloopy Nibby nabby noopy La la la lo lo Sabba sibby sabba Nooby abba nabba
Le le lo lo Tooby ooby walla Nooby abba naba
Early morning singing song

Good Morning Starshine The earth says hello You twinkle above us We twinkle below

Good Morning Starshine You lead us along My love and me as we sing
Our early morning singing song

Gliddy glub gloopy Nibby nabby noopy La la la lo lo Sabba sibby sabba Nooby abba nabba
Le le lo lo Tooby ooby walla Nooby abba naba
Early morning singing song

Singing a song Humming a song Singing a song
Loving a song Laughing a song

Singing a song Sing the song song the sing
song song song sing sing sing sing song
song song song sing sing sing sing song

Let the sunshine Let the sunshine in The sunshine in

Let the sunshine Let the sunshine in The sunshine in

Let the sunshine Let the sunshine in The sunshine in

Let the sunshine Let the sunshine in The sunshine in

Let the sunshine Let the sunshine in The sunshine in

Let the sunshine Let the sunshine in The sunshine in

Let the sunshine Let the sunshine in The sunshine in

Let the sunshine Let the sunshine in The sunshine in

Let the sunshine Let the sunshine in The sunshine in

 

Hair: The American Tribal Love-Rock Musical

1967

is a rock musical with a book and lyrics by James Rado and Gerome Ragni and music by Galt MacDermot

 

 

DAILY MAIL

Monday, October 6, 2008

Jonathan Cainer

Page 42

"FIRST CONTACT"

"THE ALIENS COULD HARDLY HAVE CHOSEN A MORE AUSPICIOUS TIME TO HAVE TURNED UP"

 

 

I

THAT

AM

MEASURE DIVINE MEASURE

AM

THAT

I

ME ASSURE ASSURE ME

MEASURE A SURE ME I ME A SURE MEASURE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

WAKEFIELD

ORACLE

September 2008 Front Page

DELIVERED TO ALVERTHORPE ARDSLEY KIRKHAMGATE NEWTON HILL OUTWOOD SANDAL

STANLEY ST JOHNS THORNES THORPE WAKEFIELD CENTRE WALTON WRENTHORPE

 

 

WAKEFIELD

CLAYTON HOSPITAL

EYE CENTRE RECEPTION DESK NOTICE 9/10/2008

"ARE YOU GETTING OUR MESSAGE"

??

 

 

DAILY MAIL

Thursday October 9, 2008

Jonathan Cainer

"Friday the 13th."

 

 

QUO VADIS

(WHITHER GOEST THOU?)

By Henryk Sienkiewicz 1895

Page 9

"QUO VADIS ?"

Page 90

"QUO VADIS ?"

Page 99

"QUO VADIS ?"

"GOD"

"GOD"

"GOD"

"GOD"

"GOD"

Page 108

"QUO VADIS ?"

 

 

QUO VADIS

Ristorante Italiano

Smythe Street

WAKEFIELDYORKSHIRE

 

 

WAKEFIELD

ORACLE

September 2008 Front Page

DELIVERED TO ALVERTHORPE ARDSLEY KIRKHAMGATE NEWTON HILL OUTWOOD SANDAL

STANLEY ST JOHNS THORNES THORPE WAKEFIELD CENTRE WALTON WRENTHORPE

 

 

Daily Mail

Tuesday, June 1, 2010

Answers to Correspondents Compiled by Charles Legge

Page 59

QUESTION

I know the phrase 'curiosity killed the cat', but I have recently been told it continues 'satisfaction brought it back'. What is the origin of this?

ORIGINALLY 'care' killed the cat, not curiosity. That form of the expression is first found in Ben Jonson's play Every Man In His Humour, in 1598: 'Helterskelter, hang sorrow, care'll kill a cat, uptails all and a louse for the hangman.' In this sense, care meant 'worry or sorrow'. rather than the modern 'look after or provide for'. The play was first performed by the Lord Chamberlain's men, a troupe of actors of which Shakespeare was a member.

He obviously liked the line because he used it the following year in Much Ado About Nothing: 'What, courage man! What though care killed a cat, thou hast mettle in thee to kill care.'

The notion of curiosity has been frowned on, particularly by early theologians. St Augustine wrote in confessions (AD397) 'God fashioned hell for the inquisitive'', so the idea of curiosity killing the cat would seem logical.

Yet as late as 1898 the original form was still in use. Brewster's Dictionary Of Phrase And Fable had: 'Care killed the Cat. It is said that a cat has nine lives, but care would wear them all out.'

The. earliest known printed reference is in the O. Henry short story Schools And Schools from 1909: 'Curiosity can do more things than Kill a cat; and if emotions. well recognised as feminine, are inimical to feline life, then jealously would soon leave the world catless.'

The rejoinder 'satisfaction brought it back' is a curiosity in itself; the idea is obvious: if you are satisfied with your lot, you are unlikely to be curious about an alternative life.

When.the rejoinder was coined is uncertain, but it dates from the mid to late 20th century and seems to have been part of a ditty popularised
by a murderous Jack Nicholson in the movie The Shining (1980)

Curiosity killed the cat
Satisfaction brought it back
Safe and sound.
From hcad, to ground
From head.to ground
It was safe and sound.'

Jon Welham, Halifax.

 

3
THE
33
15
6
6
COSMOS
84
21
3
9
Add to Reduce
117
36
9
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+1+7
3+6
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
9
T
H
E
-
C
O
S
M
O
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
6
1
-
6
1
+
=
22
2+2
=
4
=
4
-
4
-
`-
-
8
-
-
-
15
19
-
15
19
+
=
76
7+6
=
13
1+3
4
-
4
-
9
T
H
E
-
C
O
S
M
O
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
3
-
-
4
-
-
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
1+0
5
-
5
-
`-
20
-
5
-
3
-
-
13
-
-
+
=
41
4+1
=
5
=
5
-
5
-
9
T
H
E
-
C
O
S
M
O
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
`-
20
8
5
-
3
15
19
13
15
19
+
=
117
1+1+7
=
9
-
9
-
9
-
-
2
8
5
-
3
6
1
4
6
1
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
1+0
9
-
9
-
9
T
H
E
-
C
O
S
M
O
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-2-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
--
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
=
5
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
2
=
12
1+2
3
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
7
7
-
-
-
9
NINE
9
-
-
-
-
-
16
9
T
H
E
-
C
O
S
M
O
S
-
-
29
-
-
9
-
36
-
27
1+6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+9
-
-
-
-
3+6
-
2+7
7
9
T
H
E
-
C
O
S
M
O
S
-
-
11
-
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
-
2
8
5
-
3
6
1
4
6
1
-
-
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
9
T
H
E
-
C
O
S
M
O
S
-
-
2
-
-
9
-
9
-
9

 

 

9
T
H
E
-
C
O
S
M
O
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
6
1
-
6
1
+
=
22
2+2
=
4
=
4
=
4
`-
-
8
-
-
-
15
19
-
15
19
+
=
76
7+6
=
13
1+3
4
=
4
9
T
H
E
-
C
O
S
M
O
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
3
-
-
4
-
-
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
1+0
5
=
5
`-
20
-
5
-
3
-
-
13
-
-
+
=
41
4+1
=
5
=
5
=
5
9
T
H
E
-
C
O
S
M
O
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
`-
20
8
5
-
3
15
19
13
15
19
+
=
117
1+1+7
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
2
8
5
-
3
6
1
4
6
1
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
1+0
9
=
9
9
T
H
E
-
C
O
S
M
O
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
--
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
=
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
2
=
12
1+2
3
--
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
9
T
H
E
-
C
O
S
M
O
S
-
-
29
-
-
9
-
36
-
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+9
-
-
-
-
3+6
-
2+7
9
T
H
E
-
C
O
S
M
O
S
-
-
11
-
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
2
8
5
-
3
6
1
4
6
1
-
-
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
H
E
-
C
O
S
M
O
S
-
-
2
-
-
9
-
9
-
9

 

 

-
5
A
T
O
M
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
1
+
=
7
-
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
-
15
-
19
+
=
34
3+4
=
7
=
7
-
5
A
T
O
M
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
1
2
-
4
-
+
=
7
-
=
7
=
7
-
-
1
20
-
13
-
+
=
34
3+4
=
7
=
7
-
5
A
T
O
M
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
1
20
15
13
19
+
=
68
6+8
=
14
1+4
5
-
-
1
2
6
4
1
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
=
5
-
5
A
T
O
M
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
FIVE
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
NINE
9
-
-
-
32
5
A
T
O
M
S
-
-
13
-
-
5
-
14
3+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
1+4
5
5
A
T
O
M
S
-
-
4
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
1
2
6
4
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
A
T
O
M
S
-
-
4
-
-
5
-
5

 

 

5
A
T
O
M
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
1
+
=
7
-
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
15
-
19
+
=
34
3+4
=
7
=
7
5
A
T
O
M
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
1
2
-
4
-
+
=
7
-
=
7
=
7
-
1
20
-
13
-
+
=
34
3+4
=
7
=
7
5
A
T
O
M
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
1
20
15
13
19
+
=
68
6+8
=
14
1+4
5
-
1
2
6
4
1
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
=
5
5
A
T
O
M
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
5
A
T
O
M
S
-
-
13
-
-
5
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
1+4
5
A
T
O
M
S
-
-
4
-
-
5
-
5
-
1
2
6
4
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
A
T
O
M
S
-
-
4
-
-
5
-
5

 

 

-
4
A
T
O
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
+
=
6
-
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
15
-
+
=
15
1+5
=
6
=
6
-
4
A
T
O
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
1
2
-
4
+
=
7
-
=
7
=
7
-
-
1
20
-
13
+
=
34
3+4
=
7
=
7
-
4
A
T
O
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
1
20
15
13
+
=
49
4+9
=
13
1+3
4
-
-
1
2
6
4
+
=
13
1+3
=
4
=
4
-
4
A
T
O
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
FIVE
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
NINE
9
-
-
-
32
4
A
T
O
M
-
-
13
-
-
4
-
13
3+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
1+3
5
4
A
T
O
M
-
-
4
-
-
4
-
4
-
-
1
2
6
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
4
A
T
O
M
-
-
4
-
-
4
-
4

 

 

-
4
A
T
O
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
+
=
6
-
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
15
-
+
=
15
1+5
=
6
=
6
-
4
A
T
O
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
1
2
-
4
+
=
7
-
=
7
=
7
-
-
1
20
-
13
+
=
34
3+4
=
7
=
7
-
4
A
T
O
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
1
20
15
13
+
=
49
4+9
=
13
1+3
4
-
-
1
2
6
4
+
=
13
1+3
=
4
=
4
-
4
A
T
O
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
FIVE
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
NINE
9
-
-
-
32
4
A
T
O
M
-
-
13
-
-
4
-
13
3+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
1+3
5
4
A
T
O
M
-
-
4
-
-
4
-
4
-
-
1
2
6
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
4
A
T
O
M
-
-
4
-
-
4
-
4

 

THE ATOM THE

QUANTUM ATUM QUANTUM

ATUM

QUANTUM ATUM QUANTUM

ATUM

QUANTUM ATUM QUANTUM

 

 

THE ATUM THE

 

6
A
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
`-
1
20
21
13
+
=
55
5+5
=
10
1+0
1
-
1
2
3
4
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
6
A
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
`-
1
20
21
13
+
=
55
5+5
=
10
1+0
1
-
1
2
3
4
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
6
A
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
`-
1
20
21
13
+
=
55
5+5
=
10
1+0
1
-
1
2
3
4
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
6
A
T
U
M
-T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
6
A
T
U
M
-
-
10
-
-
4
-
10
-
1
2
3
4
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
Q
1+0
6
A
T
U
M
-
-
1
-
-
4
-
2

 

 

ATUM

THE COMPLETE AND ALL CONTAINING ONE

 

A
=
1
-
4
ATUM
55
10
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
C
=
3
-
8
COMPLETE
89
35
8
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
A
=
1
-
3
ALL
25
7
7
C
=
3
-
10
CONTAINING
106
52
7
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
-
-
16
-
30
Add to Reduce
306
135
36
-
-
1+6
-
3+0
Reduce to Deduce
3+0+6
1+3+5
3+6
-
-
7
-
3
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

ATUM

THE COMPLETE AND ALL SUSTAINING ONE

 

A
=
1
-
4
ATUM
55
10
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
C
=
3
-
8
COMPLETE
89
35
8
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
A
=
1
-
3
ALL
25
7
7
S
=
1
-
10
SUSTAINING
106
52
7
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
-
-
14
-
30
Add to Reduce
333
126
36
-
-
1+4
-
3+0
Reduce to Deduce
3+3+3
1+2+6
3+6
-
-
5
-
3
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

THE HERMETICA

THE LOST WISDOM OF THE PHARAOHS

Timothy Freke & Peter Gandy

To the Memory of Giordano Bruno 1548 - 1600

Mundus Nihil Pulcherrimum

The World is a Beautiful Nothing

Page 23

"Although we have used the familiar term 'God' in the explanatory notes which accompany each chapter, we have avoided this term in the text itself. Instead we have used 'Atum - one of the ancient Egyptian names for the Supreme One God."

 

Page 45

The Being of Atum

"Atum is Primal Mind."

 

Page 45

The Being of Atum

Give me your whole awareness, and concentrate your thoughts, for Knowledge of Atum's Being requires deep insight, which comes only as a gift of grace.

It is like a plunging torrent of water whose swiftness outstrips any man who strives to follow it, leaving behind not only the hearer, but even the teacher himself.

To conceive of Atum is difficult.

To define him is impossible.

The imperfect and impermanent cannot easily apprehend the eternally perfected.

Atum is whole and conconstant.

In himself he is motionless, yet he is self-moving.

He is immaculate, incorruptible and ever-lasting.

He is the Supreme Absolute Reality. He is filled with ideas which are imperceptible to the senses, and with all-embracing Knowledge.

Atum is Primal Mind.

Page 46

He is too great to be called by the name 'Atum'. He is hidden, yet obvious everywhere.

His Being is known through thought alone, yet we see his form before our eyes.

He is bodiless, yet embodied in everything. There is nothing which he is not. He has no name, because all names are his name. He is the unity in all things, so we must know him by all names and call everything 'Atum'.

He is the root and source of all. Everything has a source, except this source itself, which springs from nothing.

Atum is complete like the number one, which remains itself whether multiplied or divided, and yet generates all numbers.

Atum is the Whole which contains everything. He is One, not two.

He is All, not many.

The All is not many separate things, but the Oneness that subsumes the parts.

The All and the One are identical.

You think that things are many when you view them as separate, but when you see they all hang on the One, /Page 47/ and flow from the One, you will realise they are united­linked together, and connected by a chain of Being from the highest to the lowest, all subject to the will of Atum.

The Cosmos is one as the sun is one, the moon is one and the Earth is one.

Do you think there are many Gods? That's absurd - God is one.

Atum alone is the Creator of all that is immortal, and all that is mutable.

If that seems incredible, just consider yourself. You see, speak, hear, touch, taste, walk, think and breathe.

It is not a different you who does these various things, but one being who does them all.

To understand how Atum makes all things, consider a farmer sowing seeds; here wheat - there barley,
now planting a vine - then an apple tree.

Just as the same man plants all these seeds, so Atum sows immortality in heaven and change on Earth.

Throughout the Cosmos he disseminates Life and movement­the two great elements that comprise Atum and his creation, and so everything that is.

Page 48

Atum is called 'Father' because he begets all things, and, from his example, the wise hold begetting children the most sacred pursuit of human life. Atum works with Nature, within the laws of Necessity, causing extinction and renewal, constantly creating creation to display his wisdom.

Yet, the things that the eye can see are mere phantoms and illusions.

Only those things invisible to the eye are real. Above all are the ideas of Beauty and Goodness.

Just as the eye cannot see the Being of Atum, so it cannot see these great ideas.

They are attributes of Atum alone, and are inseparable from him.

They are so perfectly without blemish that Atum himself is in love with them.

There is nothing which Atum lacks, so nothing that he desires.

There is nothing that Atum can lose, so nothing can cause him grief. Atum is everything.

Atum makes everything, and everything is a part of Atum.

Atum, therefore, makes himself.

This is Atum's glory - he is all-creative, and this creating is his very Being.

It is impossible for him ever to stop creating­for Atum can never cease to be.

Page 49

Atum is everywhere.

Mind cannot be enclosed, because everything exists within Mind.

Nothing is so quick and powerful.

Just look at your own experience. Imagine yourself in any foreign land, and quick as your intention you will be there!

Think of the ocean - and there you are.

You have not moved as things move, but you have travelled, nevertheless.

Fly up into the heavens - you won't need wings!

Nothing can obstruct you - not the burning heat of the sun, or the swirling planets.

Pass on to the limits of creation. Do you want to break out beyond the boundaries of the Cosmos?

For your mind, even that is possible.

Can you sense what power you possess? If you can do all this, then what about your Creator?

Try and understand that Atum is Mind.

This is how he contains the Cosmos. All things are thoughts which the Creator thinks."

 

 

-
6
A
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
`-
1
20
21
13
+
=
55
5+5
=
10
1+0
1
-
-
1
2
3
4
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
-
1
-
6
A
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
`-
1
20
21
13
+
=
55
5+5
=
10
1+0
1
-
-
1
2
3
4
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
-
1
-
6
A
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
`-
1
20
21
13
+
=
55
5+5
=
10
1+0
1
-
-
1
2
3
4
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
-
1
-
6
A
T
U
M
-T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
FIVE
5
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
NINE
9
-
-
-
35
6
A
T
U
M
-
-
10
-
-
4
-
10
3+5
-
1
2
3
4
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
Q
1+0
8
6
A
T
U
M
-
-
1
-
-
4
-
2

 

 

6
A
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
`-
1
20
21
13
+
=
55
5+5
=
10
1+0
1
-
1
2
3
4
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
6
A
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
`-
1
20
21
13
+
=
55
5+5
=
10
1+0
1
-
1
2
3
4
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
6
A
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
`-
1
20
21
13
+
=
55
5+5
=
10
1+0
1
-
1
2
3
4
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
6
A
T
U
M
-T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
6
A
T
U
M
-
-
10
-
-
4
-
10
-
1
2
3
4
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
Q
1+0
6
A
T
U
M
-
-
1
-
-
4
-
2

 

 

RA

THE

RAINBOW

LIGHT

SO IRIS O IRIS SO

SET OSIRIS SO OSIRIS SET

SET OSIRIS ISIS OSIRIS SET

OSIRIS THAT SON SETS THAT SON SETS THAT SON OSIRIS THAT SON

SO SETS THAT SUN SO RISES THAT SUN SO RISES THAT SUN SO SETS THAT SUN

 

 

SPHINX = 90 = SPHINX

SPHINX = 9= SPHINX

 

 

C RE ATUM ATUM RE C

SEE ATUM RE ATUM RE SEE

C RE ATUM ATUM RE C

CREATION SEE REACTION

CREATORS SEE CREATORS

CREATIVE SEE REACTIVE SEE CREATIVE

CREATUM 3951234 CREATUM

CREATUM

3951234

CREATUM

 

 

OSIRIS ISISIS OSIRIS

ISISIS

OSIRIS ISISISISISIS SOIRIS

IRIS OSIRIS ISIS

SO IRIS ISIS SO

OSIRIS ISISIS SO IR IS OSIRIS ISISIS

SO IR IS 99 IS IR SO

?

 

 

REACTORS CREATORS REACTORS

CREATIVE REACTIVE CREATIVE

REACTING CREATING REACTING

C RE ACT I ON GODS RE ACT I ON C

SEE RE ACTIONS GODS ACTIONS RE SEE

RE 9 AND 5 AND 5 AND 9 RE

 

 

OSIRIS SO IRI IS IS IRI SO OSIRIS

RE ATUM RE

ATUM RE ATUM

1234 95 1234

ATUM RE ATUM

ATUM E ATUM

1234 5 1234

ATUM E ATUM

ATUM RE ATUM

1234 95 1234

ATUM RE ATUM

RE ATUM RE

OSIRIS SO IRI IS IS IRI SO OSIRIS

 

 

ATUM RE ATUM E ATUM RE ATUM

1234 5 1234

ATUM RE ATUM E ATUM RE ATUM

 

 

ESOTERIC = O SECRET I = ESOTERIC

ESOTERIC 6 SECRET 9 ESOTERIC

ESOTERIC = 9 SECRET 6 = ESOTERIC

ESOTERIC = I SECRET O = ESOTERIC

 

 

ATUM 1234 4321 MUTA

MUT 234 432 TUM

ATUM 1234 4321 MUTA

 

 

RE ATUM RE

 

 

Ancient Egyptian Religion: Old Kingdom
At the time of the Old Kingdom his cult and some of his characteristics was taken over by Re but he lived on in the combined forms of the names Re-Atum and ...

 

 

Egyptian deities
The ancient Egyptians adopted the solar disc standing for the suffix –ri as the name of the sun-god and called it Ra, as shown below. ...
www.astroset.com/bireysel_gelisim/ancient/a22.htm - Cached - Similar

 

 

Atum (Egyptian god) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia
Atum's myth merged with that of the great sun god Re, giving rise to the deity Re-Atum. When distinguished from Re, Atum was the creators original form, ... www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/42347/Atum

 

Atum's myth merged with that of the great sun god Re, giving rise to the deity Re-Atum. When distinguished from Re, Atum was the creators original form, living inside Nun, the primordial waters of chaos. At creation he emerged to engender himself and the gods. He was identified with the setting sun and was shown as an aged figure who had to be regenerated during the night, to appear as Khepri at dawn and as Re at the sun’s zenith.

 

 

-
2
R
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
18
5
+
=
23
2+3
=
5
-
5
-
-
9
5
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
-
5
-
2
R
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
31
2
R
E
-
-
14
-
-
2
-
14
3+1
-
9
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
1+4
4
2
R
E
-
-
5
-
-
2
-
5
-
-
9
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
2
R
E
-
-
5
-
-
2
-
5

 

 

2
R
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
18
5
+
=
23
2+3
=
5
-
5
-
9
5
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
-
5
2
R
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
2
R
E
-
-
14
-
-
2
-
14
-
9
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
1+4
2
R
E
-
-
5
-
-
2
-
5
-
9
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
R
E
-
-
5
-
-
2
-
5

 

 

 

H
=
8
-
4
HOLY
60
24
6
C
=
3
-
10
CONSCIENCE
90
45
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
I
=
9
-
5
INNER
60
33
6
V
=
4
-
5
VOICE
54
27
9
-
-
26
-
27
First Total
297
144
27
-
-
2+6
-
2+7
Add to Reduce
2+9+7
1+4+4
2+7
Q
-
8
-
9
Second Total
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
-
-
8
5
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

 

26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
14
15
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
24
-
26
+
=
115
1+1+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
1
2
3
4
-
-
7
8
9
-
2
3
4
5
-
7
-
+
=
83
8+3
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
10
11
12
13
-
-
16
17
18
-
20
21
22
23
-
25
-
+
=
236
2+3+6
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
+
=
351
3+5+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
3
-
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NUMBER

9

THE SEARCH FOR THE SIGMA CODE

Cecil Balmond 1998

Preface to the New Edition

Page 5
Twelve years ago a little boy entered my imagination as he hopped across the centuries and played with numbers. I began to see how the simple architecture of our decimal system could be constructed in secret ways — not a building project this time but an abstract one. On the surface of our arithmetic countless combinations of numbers take part in tedious and exacting calculations but underneath it all there is pattern, governed by a repeating code of integers. The Sigma Code reduces numbers to a single digit and the illusion of the many is seen to be but the reflection of a few. This is not a book on maths: this is a book for anyone who can carry out simple sums in their heads, and who won't be short-changed knowingly.
When Number 9 first came out I received mail from many who played with numbers. They chased patterns; some had special numbers and even mystical systems. I was tempted to write about numerology but resisted. I wanted to write about the intricacy of what the.. numbers actually do and leave the reader to wonder about the larger irrational that seems to hover around such constructions.
If I were writing this book today the numbers would have featured in a wider context of structuring nature's patterns, and also playing the role of animator in algorithms that create unique architectural forms and shapes. I would also include my previous research into other base systems. But this book was a first step which came from a child-like urge, like playing with building blocks, to build out of our numbers — just the simple 1, 2, 3, up to number 9.

 

RESEARCH R E SEARCH ER RESEARCH

 

www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/algorithm

a procedure for solving a mathematical problem (as of finding the greatest common divisor) in a finite number of steps that frequently involves repetition of an ...

algorithm [ˈælgəˌrɪðəm]
n
1. (Mathematics) a logical arithmetical or computational procedure that if correctly applied ensures the solution of a problem Compare heuristic
2. (Mathematics) Logic Maths a recursive procedure whereby an infinite sequence of terms can be generated Also called algorism
[changed from algorism, through influence of Greek arithmos number]
algorithmic adj
aal·go·rithm (lg-rm)
n.
A step-by-step problem-solving procedure, especially an established, recursive computational procedure for solving a problem in a finite number of steps.
algorithmically adv

algorithm (lg-rthm)
A finite set of unambiguous instructions performed in a prescribed sequence to achieve a goal, especially a mathematical rule or procedure used to compute a desired result. Algorithms are the basis for most computer programming.

Noun 1. algorithm - a precise rule (or set of rules) specifying how to solve some problem
algorithmic program, algorithmic rule
formula, rule - (mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems; "he determined the upper bound with Descartes' rule of signs"; "he gave us a general formula for attacking polynomials"
sorting algorithm - an algorithm for sorting a list
stemming algorithm, stemmer - an algorithm for removing inflectional and derivational endings in order to reduce word forms to a common stem algorithm
any methodology for solving a certain kind of problem.
See also: Mathematics

 

Algorithm
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Flow chart of an algorithm (Euclid's algorithm) for calculating the greatest common divisor (g.c.d.) of two numbers a and b in locations named A and B. The algorithm proceeds by successive subtractions in two loops: IF the test B ≥ A yields "yes" (or true) (more accurately the number b in location B is greater than or equal to the number a in location A) THEN, the algorithm specifies B ← B − A (meaning the number b − a replaces the old b). Similarly, IF A > B, THEN A ← A − B. The process terminates when (the contents of) B is 0, yielding the g.c.d. in A. (Algorithm derived from Scott 2009:13; symbols and drawing style from Tausworthe 1977).
In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm (i/ˈælɡərɪðəm/) is a step-by-step procedure for calculations. Algorithms are used for calculation, data processing, and automated reasoning.

More precisely, an algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite list[1] of well-defined instructions[2] for calculating a function.[3] Starting from an initial state and initial input (perhaps empty),[4] the instructions describe a computation that, when executed, will proceed through a finite [5] number of well-defined successive states, eventually producing "output"[6] and terminating at a final ending state. The transition from one state to the next is not necessarily deterministic; some algorithms, known as randomized algorithms, incorporate random input.[7]

Though al-Khwārizmī's algorism referred to the rules of performing arithmetic using Hindu-Arabic numerals and the systematic solution of linear and quadratic equations, a partial formalization of what would become the modern algorithm began with attempts to solve the Entscheidungsproblem (the "decision problem") posed by David Hilbert in 1928. Subsequent formalizations were framed as attempts to define "effective calculability"[8] or "effective method";[9] those formalizations included the Gödel–Herbrand–Kleene recursive functions of 1930, 1934 and 1935, Alonzo Church's lambda calculus of 1936, Emil Post's "Formulation 1" of 1936, and Alan Turing's Turing machines of 1936–7 and 1939. Giving a formal definition of algorithms, corresponding to the intuitive notion, remains a challenging problem.[10]

Informal definition
For a detailed presentation of the various points of view around the definition of "algorithm" see Algorithm characterizations. For examples of simple addition algorithms specified in the detailed manner described in Algorithm characterizations, see Algorithm examples.
While there is no generally accepted formal definition of "algorithm," an informal definition could be "a set of rules that precisely defines a sequence of operations."[11] For some people, a program is only an algorithm if it stops eventually; for others, a program is only an algorithm if it stops before a given number of calculation steps.[12]

A prototypical example of an algorithm is Euclid's algorithm to determine the maximum common divisor of two integers; an example (there are others) is described by the flow chart above and as an example in a later section.

Boolos & Jeffrey (1974, 1999) offer an informal meaning of the word in the following quotation:

No human being can write fast enough, or long enough, or small enough† ( †"smaller and smaller without limit ...you'd be trying to write on molecules, on atoms, on electrons") to list all members of an enumerably infinite set by writing out their names, one after another, in some notation. But humans can do something equally useful, in the case of certain enumerably infinite sets: They can give explicit instructions for determining the nth member of the set, for arbitrary finite n. Such instructions are to be given quite explicitly, in a form in which they could be followed by a computing machine, or by a human who is capable of carrying out only very elementary operations on symbols.[13]

The term "enumerably infinite" means "countable using integers perhaps extending to infinity." Thus, Boolos and Jeffrey are saying that an algorithm implies instructions for a process that "creates" output integers from an arbitrary "input" integer or integers that, in theory, can be chosen from 0 to infinity. Thus an algorithm can be an algebraic equation such as y = m + n—two arbitrary "input variables" m and n that produce an output y. But various authors' attempts to define the notion indicate that the word implies much more than this, something on the order of (for the addition example):
Precise instructions (in language understood by "the computer")[14] for a fast, efficient, "good"[15] process that specifies the "moves" of "the computer" (machine or human, equipped with the necessary internally contained information and capabilities)[16] to find, decode, and then process arbitrary input integers/symbols m and n, symbols + and = ... and "effectively"[17] produce, in a "reasonable" time,[18] output-integer y at a specified place and in a specified format.
The concept of algorithm is also used to define the notion of decidability. That notion is central for explaining how formal systems come into being starting from a small set of axioms and rules. In logic, the time that an algorithm requires to complete cannot be measured, as it is not apparently related with our customary physical dimension. From such uncertainties, that characterize ongoing work, stems the unavailability of a definition of algorithm that suits both concrete (in some sense) and abstract usage of the term.

[edit] Formalization

Algorithms are essential to the way computers process data. Many computer programs contain algorithms that detail the specific instructions a computer should perform (in a specific order) to carry out a specified task, such as calculating employees' paychecks or printing students' report cards. Thus, an algorithm can be considered to be any sequence of operations that can be simulated by a Turing-complete system. Authors who assert this thesis include Minsky (1967), Savage (1987) and Gurevich (2000):

Minsky: "But we will also maintain, with Turing . . . that any procedure which could "naturally" be called effective, can in fact be realized by a (simple) machine. Although this may seem extreme, the arguments . . . in its favor are hard to refute".[19]

Gurevich: "...Turing's informal argument in favor of his thesis justifies a stronger thesis: every algorithm can be simulated by a Turing machine ... according to Savage [1987], an algorithm is a computational process defined by a Turing machine".[20]

Typically, when an algorithm is associated with processing information, data is read from an input source, written to an output device, and/or stored for further processing. Stored data is regarded as part of the internal state of the entity performing the algorithm. In practice, the state is stored in one or more data structures.

For some such computational process, the algorithm must be rigorously defined: specified in the way it applies in all possible circumstances that could arise. That is, any conditional steps must be systematically dealt with, case-by-case; the criteria for each case must be clear (and computable).

Because an algorithm is a precise list of precise steps, the order of computation will always be critical to the functioning of the algorithm. Instructions are usually assumed to be listed explicitly, and are described as starting "from the top" and going "down to the bottom", an idea that is described more formally by flow of control.

So far, this discussion of the formalization of an algorithm has assumed the premises of imperative programming. This is the most common conception, and it attempts to describe a task in discrete, "mechanical" means. Unique to this conception of formalized algorithms is the assignment operation, setting the value of a variable. It derives from the intuition of "memory" as a scratchpad. There is an example below of such an assignment.

For some alternate conceptions of what constitutes an algorithm see functional programming and logic programming.

[edit] Expressing algorithms

Algorithms can be expressed in many kinds of notation, including natural languages, pseudocode, flowcharts, programming languages or control tables (processed by interpreters). Natural language expressions of algorithms tend to be verbose and ambiguous, and are rarely used for complex or technical algorithms. Pseudocode, flowcharts and control tables are structured ways to express algorithms that avoid many of the ambiguities common in natural language statements. Programming languages are primarily intended for expressing algorithms in a form that can be executed by a computer, but are often used as a way to define or document algorithms.

There is a wide variety of representations possible and one can express a given Turing machine program as a sequence of machine tables (see more at finite state machine, state transition table and control table), as flowcharts (see more at state diagram), or as a form of rudimentary machine code or assembly code called "sets of quadruples" (see more at Turing machine).

Representations of algorithms can be classed into three accepted levels of Turing machine description:[21]
1 High-level description:
"...prose to describe an algorithm, ignoring the implementation details. At this level we do not need to mention how the machine manages its tape or head." 2 Implementation description:
"...prose used to define the way the Turing machine uses its head and the way that it stores data on its tape. At this level we do not give details of states or transition function." 3 Formal description:
Most detailed, "lowest level", gives the Turing machine's "state table". For an example of the simple algorithm "Add m+n" described in all three levels see Algorithm examples.
[edit] Implementation

Most algorithms are intended to be implemented as computer programs. However, algorithms are also implemented by other means, such as in a biological neural network (for example, the human brain implementing arithmetic or an insect looking for food), in an electrical circuit, or in a mechanical device.

[edit] Computer algorithms

Flowchart examples of the canonical Böhm-Jacopini structures: the SEQUENCE (rectangles descending the page), the WHILE-DO and the IF-THEN-ELSE. The three structures are made of the primitive conditional GOTO (IF test=true THEN GOTO step xxx) (a diamond), the unconditional GOTO (rectangle), various assignment operators (rectangle), and HALT (rectangle). Nesting of these structures inside assignment-blocks result in complex diagrams (cf Tausworthe 1977:100,114).
In computer systems, an algorithm is basically an instance of logic written in software by software developers to be effective for the intended "target" computer(s), in order for the target machines to produce output from given input (perhaps null).

"Elegant" (compact) programs, "good" (fast) programs : The notion of "simplicity and elegance" appears informally in Knuth and precisely in Chaitin:
Knuth: ". . .we want good algorithms in some loosely defined aesthetic sense. One criterion . . . is the length of time taken to perform the algorithm . . .. Other criteria are adaptability of the algorithm to computers, its simplicity and elegance, etc"[22] Chaitin: " . . . a program is 'elegant,' by which I mean that it's the smallest possible program for producing the output that it does"[23]
Chaitin prefaces his definition with: "I'll show you can't prove that a program is 'elegant'"—such a proof would solve the Halting problem (ibid).

Algorithm versus function computable by an algorithm: For a given function multiple algorithms may exist. This will be true, even without expanding the available instruction set available to the programmer. Rogers observes that "It is . . . important to distinguish between the notion of algorithm, i.e. procedure and the notion of function computable by algorithm, i.e. mapping yielded by procedure. The same function may have several different algorithms".[24]

Unfortunately there may be a tradeoff between goodness (speed) and elegance (compactness)—an elegant program may take more steps to complete a computation than one less elegant. An example of using Euclid's algorithm will be shown below.

Computers (and computors), models of computation: A computer (or human "computor"[25]) is a restricted type of machine, a "discrete deterministic mechanical device"[26] that blindly follows its instructions.[27] Melzak's and Lambek's primitive models[28] reduced this notion to four elements: (i) discrete, distinguishable locations, (ii) discrete, indistinguishable counters[29] (iii) an agent, and (iv) a list of instructions that are effective relative to the capability of the agent.[30]

Minsky describes a more congenial variation of Lambek's "abacus" model in his "Very Simple Bases for Computability".[31] Minsky's machine proceeds sequentially through its five (or six depending on how one counts) instructions unless either a conditional IF–THEN GOTO or an unconditional GOTO changes program flow out of sequence. Besides HALT, Minsky's machine includes three assignment (replacement, substitution)[32] operations: ZERO (e.g. the contents of location replaced by 0: L ← 0), SUCCESSOR (e.g. L ← L+1), and DECREMENT (e.g. L ← L − 1).[33] Rarely will a programmer have to write "code" with such a limited instruction set. But Minsky shows (as do Melzak and Lambek) that his machine is Turing complete with only four general types of instructions: conditional GOTO, unconditional GOTO, assignment/replacement/substitution, and HALT.[34]

Simulation of an algorithm: computer (computor) language: Knuth advises the reader that "the best way to learn an algorithm is to try it . . . immediately take pen and paper and work through an example".[35] But what about a simulation or execution of the real thing? The programmer must translate the algorithm into a language that the simulator/computer/computor can effectively execute. Stone gives an example of this: when computing the roots of a quadratic equation the computor must know how to take a square root. If they don't then for the algorithm to be effective it must provide a set of rules for extracting a square root.[36]

This means that the programmer must know a "language" that is effective relative to the target computing agent (computer/computor).

But what model should be used for the simulation? Van Emde Boas observes "even if we base complexity theory on abstract instead of concrete machines, arbitrariness of the choice of a model remains. It is at this point that the notion of simulation enters".[37] When speed is being measured, the instruction set matters. For example, the subprogram in Euclid's algorithm to compute the remainder would execute much faster if the programmer had a "modulus" (division) instruction available rather than just subtraction (or worse: just Minsky's "decrement").

Structured programming, canonical structures: Per the Church-Turing thesis any algorithm can be computed by a model known to be Turing complete, and per Minsky's demonstrations Turing completeness requires only four instruction types—conditional GOTO, unconditional GOTO, assignment, HALT. Kemeny and Kurtz observe that while "undisciplined" use of unconditional GOTOs and conditional IF-THEN GOTOs can result in "spaghetti code" a programmer can write structured programs using these instructions; on the other hand "it is also possible, and not too hard, to write badly structured programs in a structured language".[38] Tausworthe augments the three Böhm-Jacopini canonical structures:[39] SEQUENCE, IF-THEN-ELSE, and WHILE-DO, with two more: DO-WHILE and CASE.[40] An additional benefit of a structured program will be one that lends itself to proofs of correctness using mathematical induction.[41]

Canonical flowchart symbols[42]: The graphical aide called a flowchart offers a way to describe and document an algorithm (and a computer program of one). Like program flow of a Minsky machine, a flowchart always starts at the top of a page and proceeds down. Its primary symbols are only 4: the directed arrow showing program flow, the rectangle (SEQUENCE, GOTO), the diamond (IF-THEN-ELSE), and the dot (OR-tie). The Böhm-Jacopini canonical structures are made of these primitive shapes. Sub-structures can "nest" in rectangles but only if a single exit occurs from the superstructure. The symbols and their use to build the canonical structures are shown in the diagram.

 

EVOLVE LOVE EVOLVE

LOVES SOLVE LOVES

EVOLVE LOVE EVOLVE

 

Algorithm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm

In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for calculations. Algorithms are used for calculation, data processing, and ...

 

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=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
49
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
49
49
-
-
4+9
-
-
-
1+0+3
4+9
4+9
-
-
13
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
13
13
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
4
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
4
4

 

 

A
=
1
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
59
5
A
=
1
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
49
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHM
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
5
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
G
=
7
-
1
G
7
7
7
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
49
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
49
49
-
-
4+9
-
-
-
1+0+3
4+9
4+9
-
-
13
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
13
13
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
4
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
4
4

 

 

A
=
1
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
59
5
A
=
1
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
49
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHM
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
G
=
7
-
1
G
7
7
7
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
49
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
49
49
-
-
4+9
-
-
-
1+0+3
4+9
4+9
-
-
13
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
13
13
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
4
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
4
4

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
5
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
9

 

 

M
=
4
-
4
MIND
40
22
4
S
=
1
-
6
SPIRIT
91
37
1
M
=
4
-
6
MATTER
77
23
5
-
-
9
4
16
First Total
208
82
10
-
-
-
-
1+6
Add to Reduce
2+0+8
8+2
1+0
-
-
9
-
7
Second Total
10
10
1
-
-
-
4
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
9
5
7
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

 

Many Are Called, Few Are Chosen - Church of the Great God
https://www.cgg.org/index.cfm/fuseaction/.../Many-Are-Called-Few-Are-Chosen.htm

1 Mar 2016 - God's calling and predestination can be confusing, especially the verse that 'many are called, but few are chosen'

 

Matthew 22 - Many are Called, Few are Chosen - Wolf Creek Baptist ...
www.wolfcreekbaptist.com/index.../1668-matthew-22-many-are-called-few-are-chose...

Turn in your Bibles to Matthew 22:1;. 22 And Jesus answered and spoke to them again by parables and said: 2 “The kingdom of heaven is like a certain king ...

 

Many are called but few are chosen' - the meaning and origin of this ...
https://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/244200.html

Many are called but few are chosen. What's the meaning of the phrase 'Many are called but few are chosen'?. Literal meaning, alluding to the variety in qualities ...

 

'Many are called but few are chosen'

 

M
=
4
-
4
MANY
53
17
8
A
=
1
-
3
ARE
24
15
6
C
=
3
-
6
CALLED
37
19
1
B
=
2
-
3
BUT
43
7
7
F
=
6
-
3
FEW
34
16
7
A
=
1
-
3
ARE
24
15
6
C
=
3
-
6
CHOSEN
64
28
1
-
-
20
4
28
First Total
279
117
36
-
-
2+0
-
2+8
Add to Reduce
2+7+9
1+1+7
3+6
-
-
2
-
10
Second Total
18
9
9
-
-
-
4
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
-
-
2
5
1
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

4
MANY
53
17
8
9
ARE+CALLED
61
34
7
3
BUT
43
7
7
3
FEW
34
16
7
9
ARE+ CHOSEN
88
43
7
28
First Total
279
117
36
2+8
Add to Reduce
2+7+9
1+1+7
3+6
10
Second Total
18
9
9
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
1
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

Mysteries of the snowflake: The curious world of ... - The Independent

www.independent.co.uk › News › Environment › Nature‎

 

THE INDEPENDENT MAGAZINE

Wednesday 11 September 2013

THE MYSTERIES OF THE SNOWFLAKE

Pages 14/15/17/18

Mysteries of the snowflake: The curious world of ... - The Independent

www.independent.co.uk › News › Environment › Nature‎

5 Jan 2013 - Mysteries of the snowflake: The curious world of the ice-crystal experts ... The ice crystals, nestling in the ice clouds as unborn snowflakes, ...

Everybody loves snow, right? But not many of us are obsessed, like the scientists who study these icy enigmas. Nicola Gill enters the curious world of 'dendrites' and 'plates'

Dr Chris Westbrook works in deepest Hampshire at the Chilbolton Observatory, home to the world’s largest steerable radar dish, at a whopping 25 metres across. Inside his laboratory, lights blink and instruments receive continuous feedback from the giant dish pointed skywards and looming ever-present outside the window.

But even on the hottest summer day, while the other denizens of Chilbolton parish are enjoying Pimm’s on their sun-loungers, Dr Westbrook is buried deep in snowflakes. “The radar dish sends out microwave pulses into ice clouds high up in the atmosphere where the temperature is always well below freezing – whatever it is down here,” he says. The ice crystals, nestling in the ice clouds as unborn snowflakes, bounce those microwaves back and the echoes which return are pored over and analysed by Dr Westbrook and his team.

“"We have the most sensitive equipment for studying ice clouds in the world," he says. Westbrook is one of just a tiny handful of snowflake researchers in the world, a group of obsessives who live and breathe snow – fixated on chasing the perfect flake and understanding exactly which weather conditions will produce the many different formations. “It may seem slightly odd that I’ve devoted myself to studying snowflakes when the UK isn’t renowned as an especially snowy place,” he continues, “but, in fact, the vast majority of precipitation in this country starts as snow, which melts high above us and then falls as rain, which we certainly do have a lot of. So if you want to predict precipitation you need to study snow and how it forms.”

So far, so dispassionate; ask Dr Westbrook if he likes making snowmen and he rather frostily replies that he’s as keen as the next man (“but I have a degree in physics and electrical engineering and where others see a winter wonderland I see physics in action”). But ask him about the way snowflakes are formed and fall to earth and the amazed child inside emerges as he describes the physics-meets-fairytale element of his work.

“The aerodynamics of snowflakes have an inherently mysterious quality we’ve yet to crack,” he enthuses. “We classify their falling style in four unique ways: the ‘tumble’ is a sort of head-over-heels action, the ‘spin’ is a vertical downwards motion with a built-in rotation, the ‘pitch and glide’ is best described as a zig-zag and the ‘twirl’ is how we describe a snowflake that’s descending while spinning and rotating at an angle. Which they do depends on how fast they fall and their size, but it’s a puzzle that’s not solved and we don’t know why they behave as they do all of the time. As for the intricate formations of individual flakes, I defy anyone not to be amazed.”

Of course, it’s those spectacular shapes – some like icy fireworks caught mid-explosion, others frozen, fantastical many-armed sea creatures – that fascinate the rest of us non-scientists. Nearly all snowflakes (or snow crystals as scientists insist on calling them, as a large flake can actually be made up of several crystals that clump together on their drift earthwards) have six-sided symmetry, though three- or 12-sided crystals also fall. You will never see a snow crystal with four, five or eight sides. It was ancient Chinese scholars who first noted their sixfold symmetry and they made beautiful complex categories and charts detailing their infinite variety and grouping them into types; as no two snowflakes can ever be identical.

Broadly speaking (there are several competing classification systems), the classic, celebrated Christmas-card snowflake is categorised as a dendrite (meaning tree-like, with branches and side-branches). These are the iconic superstars of the snowflake world, hogging all the glory and most of the photo-opportunities. They can be sub-categorised as stellar, radiating or fern-like. As if winning the beauty contest weren’t enough, dendrites’ supermodel qualities (they can be extremely thin and light) also mean they make the best powder snow for skiing.

Next in line, the supporting cast, are the plates (stellar, sectored or split) with 12-sided flakes bringing up the rear. The ugly sisters, which in reality make up the vast majority of snowflakes, are the rather dull, hollow and capped columns, needles, simple prisms, bullet rosettes and asymmetrical specks, doomed forever to be the boring, bitty, non-showbiz flakes we brush off our sleeves with nary an “ooh” or an “aah”.

The categorisation of snowflakes has a long history. In 1655, Robert Hooke published a f large volume called Micrographia, containing his sketches of snowflakes viewed for the first time under the new invention of the day, the microscope. American farmer, Wilson ‘Snowflake’ Bentley, devoted most of his life to capturing images of snow crystals and his famous book of that name is still in print to this day. Japanese physicist Ukichiro Nakaya created the first truly systemic classification scheme for snowflakes in 1934, in which he subdivided falling flakes into 41 individual types which meteorologists Magono and Lee almost doubled by producing a chart of 80 different types in 1966. Mathematician and philosopher René Descartes is one of many fine minds through the ages to be fascinated by snowflakes and to ponder how such perfection could be created.

While every flake really is a law unto itself, other supposed snow ‘facts’ are not quite so true. The oft-quoted idea that it’s ‘too cold to snow’ is nonsense (it snows at the South Pole where it’s rarely above -40C), and even the apparent truism that snow is white turns out to be slushy logic. Ice crystals are clear, like glass, but when they form a large pile, light is reflected off the surface, bounces around and eventually scatters back out. Since all colours are scattered roughly equally, snow only appears to be white.

These, and many other reasons, are why world-renowned snowflake obsessive, California-based Ken Libbrecht, has made it his life’s work to study, photograph and ‘grow’ snowflakes. The author of several beautiful books showcasing his favourite flakes out of the 7,000 he has photographed, he lives and breathes dendrites, rosettes and plates. “There is something magical about snowflakes,” he says from his laboratory in Pasadena. “You don’t often see such complex symmetry in nature and that makes them extraordinary. The whole intriguing structure of a snow crystal simply arises quite literally out of thin air, as it tumbles through the clouds. The way the crystal grows depends on the temperature it is shaped in – a simple enough idea to grasp – but the underlying physics is fiendishly complicated and has remained a puzzle. I spend a lot, and I mean a lot, of time thinking about this.”

As Libbrecht explains, the life of a snowflake is a hidden, epic, scientific journey in which it transforms through liquid, gas and solid states. “Snowflakes begin life as water vapour in the air – evaporated from oceans, plants, even your breath – and when air cools down at some point the water vapour will condense out. Near the ground it could, for example, be as dew, but higher up it condenses on to airborne dust particles into countless minute droplets. A cloud is just a huge collection of these water droplets suspended in the atmosphere.”

The next stage is where it gets exciting, say Libbrecht. Depending on conditions, these droplets could fall as dreary rain, sleet or hail, or descend as mist or fog. But when conditions are right, the alchemy occurs and these minute droplets metamorphise into something more impressive. “At around -10C, the droplets gradually freeze into minuscule particles of ice,” he says. “When humidity is high enough, water vapour condenses on to its surface, gradually building a snowflake. At first they are very small and mostly in the form of simple, hexagonal prisms – but as they grow, the branches sprout from the corners to make ever more complicated shapes.”

By growing crystals in his lab, Libbrecht has learnt how the multitudes of varying shapes depend almost entirely on the temperature and humidity. For example, thin plates and stars grow around -2C, while columns and slender needles appear near -5C. Plates and stars form around -15C and a combination of plates and columns are made at around -30C.

Libbrecht’s devotion to dendrites has led him halfway around the world and he thinks nothing of basing holidays with his wife and two children exclusively around snowflake sightseeing. On one trip, he took his young children to Japan, where snowflakes are virtually a national craze. “Snow-crystal tourist spots are popular with the Japanese and I flew my family over for a winter holiday to the northern island of Hokkaido, home to the Museum of Snow and Ice, where even the doorknobs are in the shape of snowflakes. Admittedly, it’s not your usual family getaway, but my children know all about capped columns and other snowflake forms. They’re both in college now, but my daughter definitely gets a kick out of telling friends her dad is a snowflake scientist.”

At dinner parties, when asked what he does, Libbrecht says, “I like to lead with the science,” but admits that people are really only interested in his photographs and the pretty patterns of individual flakes, and unlikely to want to hear about the convection chamber where he conjures snowflakes into existence. “Basically, it’s just a cold chamber about a metre tall, with two containers of heated water on the bottom. Convection mixes the water vapour into the cold air creating super-saturated conditions for growing snowflakes. We nucleate crystals by dropping a speck of dry ice in the chamber and the crystals float until they grow to about 10-100 microns in size, when they fall to the bottom of the chamber.”

Inevitably, though, the most common question is, how can Libbrecht be so sure no two snowflakes are ever identical? He likes to tell people that physics has a Zen-like answer, “which is that it depends largely on what you mean by the question. The short answer is that if you consider there’s over a trillion ways you could arrange 15 different books on your bookshelf, then the number of ways of making a complex snowflake is so staggeringly large that, over the history of our planet, I’m confident no two identical flakes have ever fallen. The long answer is more involved – depending on what you mean by ‘alike’ andsnowflake’. There could be some extremely small, simple-shaped crystals that looked so alike under a microscope as to be indistinguishable – and if you sifted through enough Arctic snow, where these simple crystals are common, you could probably find a few twins.”

If you thought snowflakes were the ultimate in nature’s micro-level majesty, ice crystals have one more trick up their sleeve, one that almost none of us will ever see, unless we find ourselves at the South Pole. Ice crystal halos are produced in the same way as rainbows, except that the sunlight (or moonlight) refracts from ice crystals instead of water. In other words, instead of being rainbows, they are ‘snowbows’, and, says Libbrecht, “simply exquisite”.

Does he ever wonder, staring for years on end at the so-far-impenetrable and wondrous beauty of his subjects, if only a higher hand could have made them? “No,” he says bluntly, the scientist firmly back at the helm. Of course there’s still one obvious question that always come up before pudding that he’s more than happy to elaborate on. Why does he do it?

“Humans usually make a thing by starting with a block of material and carving from it,” says Libbrecht. “Computers, for example, are made by patterning intricate circuits on silicon wafers, but in nature things simply assemble themselves. Cells grow and divide, forming complex organisms. Even extremely sophisticated computers like your brain arise from self-assembly. Your DNA does not contain nearly enough information to guide the placement of every cell in your body, most of that structure arises spontaneously as you grow.”

The snowflake is a very simple example of self-assembly. “There is no blueprint or genetic code that guides the growth of a snowflake, yet marvellously complex structures appear, quite literally out of thin air.” As the electronics industry pushes toward ever smaller devices, it is likely that self-assembly will play an increasingly important role in manufacturing, and Libbrecht’s work could contribute to that. But neither he nor Westbrook care much about that, they just revel in the joy of unravelling the tantalising mystery of snowflakes.

“Einstein didn’t worry about the practical applications of relativity, he just wanted to understand how nature worked. Snowflakes are remarkable structures that simply fall from the sky. With over six billion people on the planet, surely a few of us can be spared to ponder the subtle mysteries of snowflakes.”

 

Mysteries of the snowflake: The curious world of ... - The Independent

www.independent.co.uk › News › Environment › Nature‎

 

THE INDEPENDENT MAGAZINE

Wednesday 11 September 2013

THE MYSTERIES OF THE SNOWFLAKE

Pages 14/15/17/18

Mysteries of the snowflake: The curious world of ... - The Independent

www.independent.co.uk › News › Environment › Nature‎

 

5 Jan 2013 - Mysteries of the snowflake: The curious world of the ice-crystal experts ... The ice crystals, nestling in the ice clouds as unborn snowflakes, ...

Everybody loves snow, right? But not many of us are obsessed, like the scientists who study these icy enigmas. Nicola Gill enters the curious world of 'dendrites' and 'plates'

Mathematician and philosopher René Descartes is one of many fine minds through the ages to be fascinated by snowflakes and to ponder how such perfection could be created.

While every flake really is a law unto itself, other supposed snow ‘facts’ are not quite so true. The oft-quoted idea that it’s ‘too cold to snow’ is nonsense (it snows at the South Pole where it’s rarely above -40C), and even the apparent truism that snow is white turns out to be slushy logic. Ice crystals are clear, like glass, but when they form a large pile, light is reflected off the surface, bounces around and eventually scatters back out. Since all colours are scattered roughly equally, snow only appears to be white.

These, and many other reasons, are why world-renowned snowflake obsessive, California-based Ken Libbrecht, has made it his life’s work to study, photograph and ‘grow’ snowflakes. The author of several beautiful books showcasing his favourite flakes out of the 7,000 he has photographed, he lives and breathes dendrites, rosettes and plates. “There is something magical about snowflakes,” he says from his laboratory in Pasadena. “You don’t often see such complex symmetry in nature and that makes them extraordinary. The whole intriguing structure of a snow crystal simply arises quite literally out of thin air, as it tumbles through the clouds. The way the crystal grows depends on the temperature it is shaped in – a simple enough idea to grasp – but the underlying physics is fiendishly complicated and has remained a puzzle. I spend a lot, and I mean a lot, of time thinking about this.”

Inevitably, though, the most common question is, how can Libbrecht be so sure no two snowflakes are ever identical? He likes to tell people that physics has a Zen-like answer, “which is that it depends largely on what you mean by the question. The short answer is that if you consider there’s over a trillion ways you could arrange 15 different books on your bookshelf, then the number of ways of making a complex snowflake is so staggeringly large that, over the history of our planet, I’m confident no two identical flakes have ever fallen. The long answer is more involved – depending on what you mean by ‘alike’ andsnowflake’. There could be some extremely small, simple-shaped crystals that looked so alike under a microscope as to be indistinguishable – and if you sifted through enough Arctic snow, where these simple crystals are common, you could probably find a few twins.”

"The short answer is that if you consider there’s over a trillion ways you could arrange 15 different books on your bookshelf"

 

 

 

0
-
Z
=
8
-
4
ZERO
64
28
1
1
-
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
2
-
T
=
2
-
3
TWO
56
29
2
3
-
T
=
2
-
5
THREE
52
16
7
4
-
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
5
-
F
=
6
-
4
FIVE
65
20
2
6
-
S
=
1
-
3
SIX
42
24
6
7
-
S
=
1
-
5
SEVEN
58
13
4
8
-
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
9
-
N
=
5
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
45
-
-
-
42
-
40
Add
522
225
45
4+5
-
-
-
4+2
-
4+0
Reduce
5+2+2
2+2+5
4+5
9
-
-
-
6
-
4
Deduce
9
9
9

 

 

1
-
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
2
-
T
=
2
-
3
TWO
56
29
2
3
-
T
=
2
-
5
THREE
52
16
7
4
-
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
5
-
F
=
6
-
4
FIVE
65
20
2
6
-
S
=
1
-
3
SIX
42
24
6
7
-
S
=
1
-
5
SEVEN
58
13
4
8
-
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
9
-
N
=
5
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
45
-
-
-
34
-
36
Add
458
197
44
4+5
-
-
-
3+4
-
3+6
Reduce
4+5+8
1+9+7
4+4
9
-
-
-
7
4
9
Deduce
17
17
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Produce
1+7
1+7
-
9
-
-
-
7
-
9
Essence
8
8
8

 

 

8
EXOTERIC
99
45
9
3
AND
19
10
1
8
ESOTERIC
94
40
4
19
First Total
212
95
14
1+9
Add to Reduce
2+1+2
9+5
1+4
10
Second Total
5
14
5
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+4
-
1
Essence of Number
5
5
5

 

 

8
EXOTERIC
99
45
9
8
ESOTERIC
94
40
4
16
First Total
193
85
13
1+6
Add to Reduce
1+9+3
8+5
1+3
7
Second Total
13
13
4
8
ESOTERIC
94
40
4
7
Essence of Number
4
4
4

 

 

-
ESOTERIC
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
1
S
19
10
1
1
O
15
6
6
1
T
20
2
2
1
E
5
5
5
1
R
18
9
9
1
I
9
9
9
1
C
3
3
3
8
ESOTERIC
94
49
40
-
-
9+4
4+9
4+0
8
ESOTERIC
13
13
4
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
8
ESOTERIC
4
4
4

 

 

-
ESOTERIC
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
3
SOT
54
18
9
1
E
5
5
5
1
R
18
9
9
1
I
9
9
9
1
C
3
3
3
8
ESOTERIC
94
49
40
-
-
9+4
4+9
4+0
8
ESOTERIC
13
13
4
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
8
ESOTERIC
4
4
4

 

 

-
ESOTERIC
-
-
-
5
ESOTE
64
28
1
1
R
18
9
9
1
I
9
9
9
1
C
3
3
3
8
ESOTERIC
94
49
40
-
-
9+4
4+9
4+0
8
ESOTERIC
13
13
4
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
8
ESOTERIC
4
4
4

 

 

-
ESOTERIC
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
6
SECRET
70
34
7
1
O
15
6
6
8
ESOTERIC
94
49
22
-
-
9+4
4+9
2+2
8
ESOTERIC
13
13
4
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
8
ESOTERIC
4
4
4

 

 

-
ESOTERIC
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
6
SECRET
70
34
7
1
I
9
9
9
8
ESOTERIC
94
49
22
-
-
9+4
4+9
2+2
8
ESOTERIC
13
13
4
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
8
ESOTERIC
4
4
4

 

 

Entanglement:  The weirdest link

New Scientist vol 181 issue 2440 - 27 March 2004, page 32

That spooky connection between tiny particles is appearing everywhere, and its consequences are even affecting the world that we experience. It seems to unravel the past, and may be what keeps us alive. Quantum entanglement just got a whole lot weirder, says Michael Brooks

ENTANGLEMENT. Erwin Schrödinger called this phenomenon the defining trait of quantum theory. Einstein famously dubbed it spukhafte Fernwirkungen: "spooky action at a distance". It is not hard to understand why. Set things up correctly, and you can instantaneously affect the physical properties of a particle on the other side of the universe simply by prodding its entangled twin.

This is no longer just a curiosity of the quantum world, visible only in excruciatingly delicate experiments. Physicists now believe that entanglement between particles exists everywhere, all the time, and have recently found shocking evidence that it affects the wider, "macroscopic" world that we inhabit.

It is a discovery that might have far-reaching consequences. Not only will it give us a better grip on technological applications, such as quantum computing and cryptography, and the teleportation of quantum states, it could also open up a whole new realm of reality, enabling us to retain and control quantum weirdness in our everyday world. And it's not just a strange kind of "remote control" over matter that is at stake. Entanglement could even be the key to understanding what gives rise to the phenomenon of life.

"spooky action at a distance"

 

S
=
1
-
6
SPOOKY
101
38
2
A
=
1
5
6
ACTION
62
26
8
A
=
1
-
2
AT
21
3
3
A
=
1
5
1
A
1
1
1
D
=
4
-
8
DISTANCE
75
39
3
-
-
8
24
23
First Total
260
107
17
-
-
-
-
2+3
Add to Reduce
2+6+0
1+0+7
1+7
Q
-
8
-
5
Second Total
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
-
-
-
-
8
5
6
Essence of Number
8
8
8

 

spukhafte Fernwirkungen

 

S
=
1
-
9
SPUKHAFTE
107
44
8
F
=
6
5
13
FERNWIRKUNGEN
165
75
3
-
-
7
24
22
First Total
272
119
11
-
-
-
-
2+2
Add to Reduce
2+7+2
1+1+9
1+1
Q
-
7
-
4
Second Total
11
11
2
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+1
1+1
-
-
-
7
5
4
Essence of Number
2
2
2

 

 

23
SPOOKY ACTION AT A DISTANCE
260
107
8
22
SPUKHAFTE FERNWIRKUNGEN
272
119
2
45
-
532
226
10
4+5
5+3+2
2+2+6
1+0
9
-
10
10
1
-
-
1+0
1+0
-
9
-
1
1
1

 

FIRST YOU SEE IT AND YOU DONT

 

ONETWOTHREEFOUR FIVE SIXSEVENEIGHTNINE

 

CIRCLE = 50 5+0 = 5 = 5+0 50 CIRCLE

1234 5 6789

ONE TWO THREE FOUR = 208 = 2+0+8 = 10 1+0 = 1
NINE EIGHT SEVEN SIX = 208 = 2+0+8 = 10 1+0 = 1

FIVE THE FULCRUM OF THE BALANCES

5FIVE5

THE SPIRIT LEVEL OF THE LEVEL SPIRIT

1234 5 6789

 

1
-
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
2
-
T
=
2
-
3
TWO
58
13
4
3
-
T
=
2
-
5
THREE
56
29
2
4
-
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
5
-
F
=
6
-
4
FIVE
42
24
6
6
-
S
=
1
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
7
-
S
=
1
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
8
-
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
9
-
N
=
5
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
45
-
-
-
34
-
36
-
458
197
44
4+5
-
-
-
3+4
-
3+6
-
4+5+8
1+9+7
4+4
9
-
-
-
7
-
9
-
17
17
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+7
1+7
-
9
-
-
-
7
-
9
-
8
8
8

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
Z
=
8
-
4
ZERO
64
28
1
1
-
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
2
-
T
=
2
-
3
TWO
58
13
4
3
-
T
=
2
-
5
THREE
56
29
2
4
-
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
5
-
F
=
6
-
4
FIVE
42
24
6
6
-
S
=
1
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
7
-
S
=
1
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
8
-
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
9
-
N
=
5
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
45
-
-
-
42
-
40
-
522
225
45
4+5
-
-
-
4+2
-
4+0
-
5+2+2
2+2+5
4+5
9
-
-
-
6
-
4
-
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Z
=
8
-
4
ZERO
64
28
1
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
T
=
2
-
3
TWO
58
13
4
T
=
2
-
5
THREE
56
29
2
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
F
=
6
-
4
FIVE
42
24
6
S
=
1
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
S
=
1
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
N
=
5
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
-
-
42
-
40
-
522
225
45
-
-
4+2
-
4+0
-
5+2+2
2+2+5
4+5
-
-
6
-
4
-
9
9
9

 

 

O
=
6
3
ONE
34
16
7
T
=
2
3
TWO
58
13
4
T
=
2
5
THREE
56
29
2
F
=
6
4
FOUR
60
24
6
F
+
6
4
FIVE
42
24
6
S
=
1
3
SIX
52
16
7
S
=
1
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
E
=
5
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
N
=
5
4
NINE
42
24
6
-
-
39
36
-
458
197
44
-
-
3+9
3+6
-
4+5+8
1+9+7
4+4
-
-
12
9
-
17
17
8
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
9
-
8
8
8

 

 

NUMBER

9

THE SEARCH FOR THE SIGMA CODE

Cecil Balmond 1998

Page 32

5


To Sorcerers and Magicians number FIVE is the most powerful - five is the mark of the pentacle, a five pointed star drawn by extending the sides of a Pentagon. Five surely is in the possession of the occult. And the Pentagon is the geometric figure in which the golden ratio of classical art and architecture is found most.

 

 

THE

BALANCING

ONE TWO THREE FOUR

FIVE

NINE EIGHT SEVEN SIX

O
=
15
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
-
1
T
=
20
-
3
TWO
58
13
4
-
2
T
=
20
-
5
THREE
56
29
2
-
3
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
-
4
-
-
61
-
15
Add
208
82
19
-
10
-
-
6+1
-
1+5
Reduce
2+0+8
8+2
1+9
-
1+0
-
-
7
-
6
Deduce
10
10
10
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
Produce
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
7
-
6
Essence
1
1
1
-
1

 

 

N
=
14
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
-
9
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
-
8
S
=
19
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
-
7
S
=
19
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
-
6
-
-
57
-
17
Add
208
91
19
-
30
-
-
5+7
-
1+7
Reduce
2+0+8
9+1
1+9
-
3+0
-
-
12
-
8
Deduce
10
10
10
-
3
-
-
1+2
-
-
Produce
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
3
-
8
Essence
1
1
1
-
3

 

 

4
FIVE
42
24
6

 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

 

15
ONE TWO THREE FOUR
208
82
1
4
FIVE
42
24
6
17
NINE EIGHT SEVEN SIX
208
91
1

 

 

3
ONE
34
16
7
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
3
TWO
58
13
4
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
5
THREE
56
29
2
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
4
FOUR
60
24
6
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
15
Add
208
82
19
-
17
Add
208
91
19
1+5
Reduce
2+0+8
8+2
1+9
-
1+7
Reduce
2+0+8
9+1
1+9
6
Deduce
10
10
10
-
8
Deduce
10
10
10
-
Produce
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
Produce
1+0
1+0
1+0
6
Essence
1
1
1
-
8
Essence
1
1
1

 

 

-
-
-
-
5
FIVE
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
1
-
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
2
-
V+E
27
9
9
F
=
6
4
4
FIVE
42
24
24
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+2
2+4
2+4
F
=
6
4
4
FIVE
6
6
6

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
T
=
2
-
3
TWO
58
13
4
T
=
2
-
5
THREE
56
29
2
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
4
FIVE
42
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
S
=
1
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
N
=
5
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
-
-
34
-
36
-
458
197
44
-
-
3+4
-
3+6
-
4+5+8
1+9+7
4+4
-
-
7
-
9
-
17
17
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+7
1+7
4+5
-
-
7
-
9
-
8
8
9

 

 

-
ESOTERIC
-
-
-
5
ESOTE
64
28
1
1
R
18
9
9
1
I
9
9
9
1
C
3
3
3
8
ESOTERIC
94
49
40
-
-
9+4
4+9
4+0
8
ESOTERIC
13
13
4
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
8
ESOTERIC
4
4
4

 

 

-
ESOTERIC
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
6
SECRET
70
34
7
1
O
15
6
6
8
ESOTERIC
94
49
22
-
-
9+4
4+9
2+2
8
ESOTERIC
13
13
4
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
8
ESOTERIC
4
4
4

 

 

-
ESOTERIC
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
6
SECRET
70
34
7
1
I
9
9
9
8
ESOTERIC
94
49
22
-
-
9+4
4+9
2+2
8
ESOTERIC
13
13
4
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
8
ESOTERIC
4
4
4

 

 

Entanglement:  The weirdest link

New Scientist vol 181 issue 2440 - 27 March 2004, page 32

That spooky connection between tiny particles is appearing everywhere, and its consequences are even affecting the world that we experience. It seems to unravel the past, and may be what keeps us alive. Quantum entanglement just got a whole lot weirder, says Michael Brooks

ENTANGLEMENT. Erwin Schrödinger called this phenomenon the defining trait of quantum theory. Einstein famously dubbed it spukhafte Fernwirkungen: "spooky action at a distance". It is not hard to understand why. Set things up correctly, and you can instantaneously affect the physical properties of a particle on the other side of the universe simply by prodding its entangled twin.

This is no longer just a curiosity of the quantum world, visible only in excruciatingly delicate experiments. Physicists now believe that entanglement between particles exists everywhere, all the time, and have recently found shocking evidence that it affects the wider, "macroscopic" world that we inhabit.

It is a discovery that might have far-reaching consequences. Not only will it give us a better grip on technological applications, such as quantum computing and cryptography, and the teleportation of quantum states, it could also open up a whole new realm of reality, enabling us to retain and control quantum weirdness in our everyday world. And it's not just a strange kind of "remote control" over matter that is at stake. Entanglement could even be the key to understanding what gives rise to the phenomenon of life.

spukhafte Fernwirkungen

 

S
=
1
-
9
SPUKHAFTE
107
35
8
F
=
6
5
13
FERNWIRKUNGEN
165
75
3
-
-
7
24
22
First Total
272
110
11
-
-
-
-
2+2
Add to Reduce
2+7+2
1+1+0
1+1
Q
-
7
-
4
Second Total
11
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+1
-
-
-
-
7
5
4
Essence of Number
2
2
2

 

 

23
SPOOKY ACTION AT A DISTANCE
260
107
17
22
SPUKHAFTE FERNWIRKUNGEN
272
110
11
45
-
532
217
28
4+5
5+3+2
2+1+7
2+8
9
-
10
10
10
-
-
1+0
1+0
1+0
9
-
1
1
1

 

"spooky action at a distance"

 

S
=
1
-
6
SPOOKY
101
38
2
A
=
1
5
6
ACTION
62
26
8
A
=
1
-
2
AT
21
3
3
A
=
1
5
1
A
1
1
1
D
=
4
-
8
DISTANCE
75
39
3
-
-
8
24
23
First Total
260
107
17
-
-
-
-
2+3
Add to Reduce
2+4+8
1+0+7
1+7
Q
-
8
-
5
Second Total
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
-
-
-
-
8
5
6
Essence of Number
8
8
8

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
SPOOKY ACTION AT A DISTANCE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
-
6
SPOOKY
101
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
5
6
ACTION
62
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
2
AT
21
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
5
1
A
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
8
DISTANCE
75
39
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
23
SPOOKY ACTION AT A DISTANCE
260
107
17
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SPOOKY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
2
1
P
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
3
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
K
=
2
5
1
K
11
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Y
=
7
6
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
29
-
12
SPOOKY
101
38
29
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ACTION
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
7
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
8
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
9
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
10
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
O
=
6
11
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
12
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
26
-
12
ACTION
62
26
26
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
AT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
13
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
14
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
12
AT
21
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
15
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
DISTANCE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
16
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
17
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
S
=
1
18
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
T
19
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
20
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
21
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
22
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
23
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
39
-
12
DISTANCE
75
39
39
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SPOOKY ACTION AT A DISTANCE
-
-
-
-
6
8
6
4
15
18
14
8
18
S
=
1
-
6
SPOOKY
101
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
1+8
1+4
-
1+8
A
=
1
5
6
ACTION
62
26
8
-
6
8
6
4
6
9
5
8
9
A
=
1
-
2
AT
21
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
5
1
A
1
1
1
-
6
8
6
4
6
9
5
8
9
D
=
4
-
8
DISTANCE
75
39
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
23
SPOOKY ACTION AT A DISTANCE
260
107
17
-
6
8
6
4
6
9
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
2+3
-
2+6+0
1+0+7
1+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
SPOOKY ACTION AT A DISTANCE
8
8
8
-
6
8
6
4
6
9
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
SPOOKY ACTION AT A DISTANCE
8
8
8
-
6
8
6
4
6
9
5
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
SPOOKY ACTION AT A DISTANCE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
-
6
SPOOKY
101
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
5
6
ACTION
62
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
2
AT
21
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
5
1
A
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
8
DISTANCE
75
39
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
23
SPOOKY ACTION AT A DISTANCE
260
107
17
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
P
=
7
2
1
P
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
O
=
6
3
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
K
=
2
5
1
K
11
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
Y
=
7
6
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
A
=
1
7
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
C
=
3
8
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
T
=
2
9
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
10
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
O
=
6
11
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
N
=
5
12
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
A
=
1
13
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
T
=
2
14
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
A
=
1
15
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
D
=
4
16
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
17
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
S
=
1
18
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
T
=
T
19
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
A
=
1
20
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
N
=
5
21
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
C
=
3
22
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
23
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
SPOOKY ACTION AT A DISTANCE
-
-
-
-
6
8
6
4
15
18
14
8
18
S
=
1
-
6
SPOOKY
101
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
1+8
1+4
-
1+8
A
=
1
5
6
ACTION
62
26
8
-
6
8
6
4
6
9
5
8
9
A
=
1
-
2
AT
21
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
5
1
A
1
1
1
-
6
8
6
4
6
9
5
8
9
D
=
4
-
8
DISTANCE
75
39
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
23
SPOOKY ACTION AT A DISTANCE
260
107
17
-
6
8
6
4
6
9
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
2+3
-
2+4+8
1+0+7
1+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
SPOOKY ACTION AT A DISTANCE
8
8
8
-
6
8
6
4
6
9
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
SPOOKY ACTION AT A DISTANCE
8
8
8
-
6
8
6
4
6
9
5
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

-
-
-
-
-
SPOOKY ACTION AT A DISTANCE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
-
6
SPOOKY
101
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
5
6
ACTION
62
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
2
AT
21
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
5
1
A
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
8
DISTANCE
75
39
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
23
SPOOKY ACTION AT A DISTANCE
260
107
17
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
A
=
1
7
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
A
=
1
13
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
A
=
1
15
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
S
=
1
18
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
A
=
1
20
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
K
=
2
5
1
K
11
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
T
=
2
9
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
T
=
2
14
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
T
=
T
19
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
C
=
3
8
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
C
=
3
22
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
D
=
4
16
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
N
=
5
12
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
N
=
5
21
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
23
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
O
=
6
3
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
O
=
6
11
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
P
=
7
2
1
P
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
Y
=
7
6
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
I
=
9
10
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
I
=
9
17
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SPOOKY ACTION AT A DISTANCE
-
-
-
-
6
8
6
4
15
18
14
8
18
S
=
1
-
6
SPOOKY
101
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
1+8
1+4
-
1+8
A
=
1
5
6
ACTION
62
26
8
-
6
8
6
4
6
9
5
8
9
A
=
1
-
2
AT
21
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
5
1
A
1
1
1
-
6
8
6
4
6
9
5
8
9
D
=
4
-
8
DISTANCE
75
39
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
23
SPOOKY ACTION AT A DISTANCE
260
107
17
-
6
8
6
4
6
9
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
2+3
-
2+4+8
1+0+7
1+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
SPOOKY ACTION AT A DISTANCE
8
8
8
-
6
8
6
4
6
9
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
SPOOKY ACTION AT A DISTANCE
8
8
8
-
6
8
6
4
6
9
5
8
9

 

 spukhafte Fernwirkungen: "spooky action at a distance"

.

S
=
1
-
9
SPUKHAFTE
107
35
8
F
=
6
5
13
FERNWIRKUNGEN
165
75
3
-
-
7
24
22
First Total
272
110
11
-
-
-
-
2+2
Add to Reduce
2+7+2
1+1+0
1+1
Q
-
7
-
4
Second Total
11
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+1
-
-
-
-
7
5
4
Essence of Number
2
2
2

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
SPUKHAFTE FERNWIRKUNGEN
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
-
9
SPUKHAFTE
107
35
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
5
13
FERNWIRKUNGEN
165
75
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
22
SPUKHAFTE AFERNWIRKUNGEN
272
110
11
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SPUKHAFTE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
2
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
U
=
3
3
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
K
=
2
4
1
K
11
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
7
5
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
A
=
1
6
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
7
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
T
=
2
8
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
9
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
35
-
9
SPUKHAFTE
107
44
35
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
FERNWIRKUNGEN
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
10
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
11
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
12
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
N
=
5
13
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
W
=
5
14
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
15
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
16
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
K
=
2
17
1
K
11
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
18
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
19
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
20
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
21
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
22
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
65
-
13
FERNWIRKUNGEN
165
75
75
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
6
6
4
35
12
14
8
27
-
-
-
-
-
SPUKHAFTE FERNWIRKUNGEN
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+5
1+2
1+4
-
2+7
S
=
1
-
9
SPUKHAFTE
107
44
8
-
2
6
6
4
8
3
5
8
9
F
=
6
5
13
FERNWIRKUNGEN
165
75
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
22
SPUKHAFTE FERNWIRKUNGEN
272
119
11
-
2
6
6
4
8
3
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
2+2
-
2+7+2
1+1+9
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
4
SPUKHAFTE FERNWIRKUNGEN
11
11
2
-
2
6
6
4
8
3
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
4
SPUKHAFTE FERNWIRKUNGEN
2
2
2
-
2
6
6
4
8
3
5
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
SPUKHAFTE FERNWIRKUNGEN
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
-
9
SPUKHAFTE
107
35
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
5
13
FERNWIRKUNGEN
146
65
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
22
SPUKHAFTE FERNWIRKUNGEN
253
100
10
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SPUKHAFTE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
2
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
U
=
3
3
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
K
=
2
4
1
K
11
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
7
5
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
A
=
1
6
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
7
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
T
=
2
8
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
9
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
10
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
11
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
12
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
9
N
=
5
13
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
W
=
5
14
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
15
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
16
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
9
K
=
2
17
1
K
11
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
18
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
19
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
20
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
21
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
22
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
6
6
4
35
12
14
8
27
-
-
-
-
-
SPUKHAFTE FERNWIRKUNGEN
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+5
1+2
1+4
-
2+7
S
=
1
-
9
SPUKHAFTE
107
35
8
-
2
6
6
4
8
3
5
8
9
F
=
6
5
13
FERNWIRKUNGEN
165
75
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
22
SPUKHAFTE FERNWIRKUNGEN
272
110
11
-
2
6
6
4
8
3
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
2+2
-
2+7+2
1+1+0
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
4
SPUKHAFTE FERNWIRKUNGEN
11
2
2
-
2
6
6
4
8
3
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
4
SPUKHAFTE FERNWIRKUNGEN
2
2
2
-
2
6
6
4
8
3
5
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
SPUKHAFTE FERNWIRKUNGEN
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
-
9
SPUKHAFTE
107
35
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
5
13
FERNWIRKUNGEN
146
65
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
22
SPUKHAFTE FERNWIRKUNGEN
253
100
10
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SPUKHAFTE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
6
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
K
=
2
4
1
K
11
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
8
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
K
=
2
17
1
K
11
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
3
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
18
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
9
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
11
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
13
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
W
=
5
14
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
19
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
21
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
22
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
7
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
F
=
6
10
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
2
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
G
=
7
20
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
7
5
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
12
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
15
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
16
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
6
6
4
35
12
14
8
27
-
-
-
-
-
SPUKHAFTE FERNWIRKUNGEN
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+5
1+2
1+4
-
2+7
S
=
1
-
9
SPUKHAFTE
107
35
8
-
2
6
6
4
8
3
5
8
9
F
=
6
5
13
FERNWIRKUNGEN
165
75
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
22
SPUKHAFTE FERNWIRKUNGEN
272
110
11
-
2
6
6
4
8
3
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
2+2
-
2+7+2
1+1+0
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
4
SPUKHAFTE FERNWIRKUNGEN
11
2
2
-
2
6
6
4
8
3
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
4
SPUKHAFTE FERNWIRKUNGEN
2
2
2
-
2
6
6
4
8
3
5
8
9

 

 

Electromagnetic energy is radiant energy that travels in waves at the speed of light. It can also be described as radiant energy, electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic waves, light, or the movement of radiation. Electromagnetic radiation can transfer of heat.

Electromagnetic Energy: Understanding the Power of Waves

justenergy.com › Blog

About featured snippets
What Is Electromagnetic Energy?

Electromagnetic energy is radiant energy that travels in waves at the speed of light.

It can also be described as radiant energy, electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic waves, light, or the movement of radiation.

Electromagnetic radiation can transfer of heat. Electromagnetic waves carry the heat, energy, or light waves through a vacuum or a medium from one point to another. The act of doing this is considered electromagnetic energy.

Electromagnetic radiation was discovered by James Clerk Maxwell, a 19th-century physicist whose findings greatly influenced what would become known as quantum mechanics.

When it comes to how it works, we can think of electromagnetic energy or radiation as working similarly to a regular ocean wave. In this metaphor, the radiation is the water. The electromagnetic waves are the ocean waves, and the electromagnetic energy is produced from the waves carrying water from the middle of the ocean to the shore.

Examples are radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light – (all colors of the spectrum that we see),

ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma radiation.

 

 

-
-
-
-
15

ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY

-
-
-
E
=
5
-
7
ELECTRO
78
33
6
M
=
4
-
8
MAGNETIC
72
36
9
E
=
5
-
6
ENERGY
74
47
2
-
-
14
-
21

ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY

224
116
17
-
-
1+4
-
2+1
-
2+2+1
1+1+6
1+7
-
-
5
-
3

ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY

8
8
8

 

 

WAVES = 70 WAVES

W=5

AV=5

E=5

S=1

WAVES = 70 WAVES

 

 

20
ELECTROMAGNETIC LIGHT
206
98
8
-
-
-
-
-
21
ELECTROMAGNETIC LIGHTS
-
-
-
-
E+L+E+C+T
45
18
9
-
R
18
9
9
-
O+M+A+G
36
18
9
-
N+E+T
39
12
3
-
I
9
9
9
-
C
3
3
3
-
L
12
3
3
-
I
9
9
9
-
G+H+T+S
54
18
9
21
ELECTROMAGNETIC LIGHTS
225
99
63
2+0
-
2+2+5
9+9
6+3
21
ELECTROMAGNETIC LIGHTS
9
18
9
1+0
-
-
1+8
-
21
ELECTROMAGNETIC LIGHTS
9
9
9

 

 

Q
=
8
=
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
E
=
5
=
7
ELECTRO
78
33
6
G
=
7
=
8
DYNAMICS
88
34
7
-
-
20
-
22
First Total
273
93
21
-
-
2+0
-
2+2
Add to Reduce
2+7+3
9+3
2+1
-
-
2
-
4
Second Total
12
12
3
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+2
1+2
-
-
-
2
-
4
Essence of Number
3
3
3

 

 

E
=
5
=
7
ELECTRO
78
33
6
M
=
4
=
8
MAGNETIC
78
33
6
F
=
6
=
6
FORCES
66
30
3
-
-
15
-
22
First Total
216
93
21
-
-
1+5
-
2+1
Add to Reduce
2+1+6
9+3
2+1
-
-
6
-
3
Second Total
9
12
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+2
1+2
-
-
-
6
-
3
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
GEO MAGNETIC FIELD
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
G
=
7
=
3
GEO
27
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
=
8
MAGNETIC
72
36
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
=
5
FIELD
36
27
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
11
-
16
GEO MAGNETIC FIELD
135
81
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
G
=
7
1
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
2
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
3
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
18
-
3
-
27
18
18
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
4
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
5
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
6
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
N
=
5
7
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
8
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
9
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
10
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
C
=
3
11
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
36
-
8
-
72
36
36
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
12
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
I
=
9
13
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
E
=
5
14
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
15
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
5
16
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
27
-
5
-
36
27
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
GEO MAGNETIC FIELD
-
-
-
-
1
2
6
8
20
12
7
8
18
G
=
7
=
3
GEO
27
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
2+0
1+2
-
-
1+8
M
=
4
=
8
MAGNETIC
72
36
9
-
1
2
6
8
2
3
7
8
9
F
=
6
=
5
FIELD
36
27
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
16
GEO MAGNETIC FIELD
135
81
27
-
1
2
6
8
2
3
7
8
9
-
-
1+7
-
1+6
-
1+3+5
8+1
2+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
7
GEO MAGNETIC FIELD
9
9
9
-
1
2
6
8
2
3
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
-
-
-
E
=
5
=
7
ELECTRO
78
33
6
M
=
4
=
8
MAGNETIC
72
36
9
E
=
5
=
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
14
-
21
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
224
107
17
-
-
1+4
-
2+1
-
2+2+4
1+0+7
1+7
-
-
5
-
3
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
8
8
8

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
=
7
ELECTRO
78
33
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
=
8
MAGNETIC
72
36
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
=
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
21
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
224
107
17
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
4
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
5
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
6
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
O
=
6
7
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
33
-
7
-
78
33
33
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
8
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
9
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
10
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
N
=
5
11
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
12
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
13
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
14
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
C
=
3
15
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
36
-
8
-
72
36
36
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
16
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
17
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
18
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
19
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
G
=
7
20
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
Y
=
7
21
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
38
-
6
-
74
38
38
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
-
-
-
-
1
4
9
4
35
6
21
8
27
E
=
5
=
7
ELECTRO
78
33
6
-
-
-
-
-
3+5
-
2+1
-
2+7
M
=
4
=
8
MAGNETIC
72
36
9
-
1
4
9
4
8
6
3
8
9
E
=
5
=
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
21
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
224
107
17
-
1
4
9
4
8
6
3
8
9
-
-
1+4
-
2+1
-
2+2+4
1+0+7
1+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
3
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
8
8
8
-
1
4
9
4
8
6
3
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
=
7
ELECTRO
78
33
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
=
8
MAGNETIC
72
36
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
=
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
21
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
224
107
17
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
C
=
3
4
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
T
=
2
5
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
6
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
O
=
6
7
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
M
=
4
8
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
A
=
1
9
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
G
=
7
10
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
N
=
5
11
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
12
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
T
=
2
13
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
14
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
C
=
3
15
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
16
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
N
=
5
17
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
18
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
19
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
G
=
7
20
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
Y
=
7
21
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
-
-
-
-
1
4
9
4
35
6
21
8
27
E
=
5
=
7
ELECTRO
78
33
6
-
-
-
-
-
3+5
-
2+1
-
2+7
M
=
4
=
8
MAGNETIC
72
36
9
-
1
4
9
4
8
6
3
8
9
E
=
5
=
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
21
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
224
107
17
-
1
4
9
4
8
6
3
8
9
-
-
1+4
-
2+1
-
2+2+4
1+0+7
1+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
3
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
8
8
8
-
1
4
9
4
8
6
3
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBERS REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

5 x 7 = 35

LOOK AT THJE 5FIVES LOOK AT THE 5FIVES LOOK AT THE 5FIVES THE 5FIVES THE 5FIVES

5 x 7 = 35

 

-
-
-
-
-
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
=
7
ELECTRO
78
33
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
=
8
MAGNETIC
72
36
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
=
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
21
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
224
107
17
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
C
=
3
-
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
C
=
3
-
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
G
=
7
-
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
G
=
7
-
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
Y
=
7
-
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
-
-
-
-
1
4
9
4
35
6
21
8
27
E
=
5
=
7
ELECTRO
78
33
6
-
-
-
-
-
3+5
-
2+1
-
2+7
M
=
4
=
8
MAGNETIC
72
36
9
-
1
4
9
4
8
6
3
8
9
E
=
5
=
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
21
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
224
107
17
-
1
4
9
4
8
6
3
8
9
-
-
1+4
-
2+1
-
2+2+4
1+0+7
1+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
3
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
8
8
8
-
1
4
9
4
8
6
3
8
9

 

ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY

 

-
-
-
-
-
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
-
-
-
E
=
5
=
7
ELECTRO
78
33
6
M
=
4
=
8
MAGNETIC
72
36
9
E
=
5
=
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
14
-
21
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
224
107
17
-
-
1+4
-
2+1
-
2+2+4
1+0+7
1+7
-
-
5
-
3
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
8
8
8

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
=
7
ELECTRO
78
33
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
=
8
MAGNETIC
72
36
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
=
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
21
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
224
107
17
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
2
C+T
23
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
7
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
27
18
18
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
2
M+A
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
11
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
3
T+I+C
32
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
72
36
36
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
18
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
20
1
G+Y
32
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
36
27
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
55
6
7
8
27
E
=
5
=
7
ELECTRO
78
33
6
-
-
-
-
-
5+5
-
-
-
2+7
M
=
4
=
8
MAGNETIC
72
36
9
-
1
2
3
4
10
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
=
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
21
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
224
107
17
-
1
2
3
4
1
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+4
-
2+1
-
2+2+4
1+0+7
1+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
3
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
8
8
8
-
1
2
9
4
1
6
7
8
9

 

5 x 11 = 55

LOOK AT THJE 5FIVES LOOK AT THE 5FIVES LOOK AT THE 5FIVES THE 5FIVES THE 5FIVES

5 x 11 = 55

 

-
-
-
-
-
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
=
7
ELECTRO
78
33
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
=
8
MAGNETIC
72
36
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
=
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
21
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
224
107
17
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
2
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
1
2
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
2
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
3
4
1
C+T
23
3
3
-
1
2
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
6
1
R
18
9
9
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
7
1
O
15
6
6
-
1
2
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
-
-
-
8
1
M+A
14
5
5
-
1
2
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
10
1
G
7
7
7
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
-
-
-
11
1
N
14
5
5
-
1
2
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
12
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
2
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
13
1
T+I+C
32
14
5
-
1
2
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
16
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
2
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
17
1
N
14
5
5
-
1
2
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
18
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
2
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
19
1
R
18
9
9
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
20
1
G+Y
32
14
5
-
1
2
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
-
5
-
36
27
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
55
6
7
8
27
E
=
5
=
7
ELECTRO
78
33
6
-
-
-
-
-
5+5
-
-
-
2+7
M
=
4
=
8
MAGNETIC
72
36
9
-
1
2
3
4
10
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
=
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
21
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
224
107
17
-
1
2
3
4
1
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+4
-
2+1
-
2+2+4
1+0+7
1+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
3
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
8
8
8
-
1
2
9
4
1
6
7
8
9

 

5 x 11 = 55

LOOK AT THJE 5FIVES LOOK AT THE 5FIVES LOOK AT THE 5FIVES THE 5FIVES THE 5FIVES

5 x 11 = 55

 

-
-
-
-
-
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
=
7
ELECTRO
78
33
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
=
8
MAGNETIC
72
36
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
=
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
21
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
224
107
17
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
1
2
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
2
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
2
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
3
4
1
C+T
23
3
3
-
1
2
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
8
1
M+A
14
5
5
-
1
2
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
11
1
N
14
5
5
-
1
2
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
12
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
2
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
13
1
T+I+C
32
14
5
-
1
2
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
16
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
2
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
17
1
N
14
5
5
-
1
2
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
18
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
2
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
20
1
G+Y
32
14
5
-
1
2
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
7
1
O
15
6
6
-
1
2
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
-
-
-
10
1
G
7
7
7
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
-
-
-
19
1
R
18
9
9
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
6
1
R
18
9
9
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
5
-
36
27
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
55
6
7
8
27
E
=
5
=
7
ELECTRO
78
33
6
-
-
-
-
-
5+5
-
-
-
2+7
M
=
4
=
8
MAGNETIC
72
36
9
-
1
2
3
4
10
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
=
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
21
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
224
107
17
-
1
2
3
4
1
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+4
-
2+1
-
2+2+4
1+0+7
1+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
3
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
8
8
8
-
1
2
9
4
1
6
7
8
9

 

5 x 11 = 55

LOOK AT THJE 5FIVES LOOK AT THE 5FIVES LOOK AT THE 5FIVES THE 5FIVES THE 5FIVES

5 x 11 = 55

 

-
-
-
-
-
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
-
-
-
-
3
5
6
7
9
E
=
5
=
7
ELECTRO
78
33
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
=
8
MAGNETIC
72
36
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
=
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
21
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
224
107
17
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
5
6
7
9
-
-
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
3
4
1
C+T
23
3
3
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
1
M+A
14
5
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
11
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
1
T+I+C
32
14
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
18
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
1
G+Y
32
14
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
10
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
19
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
6
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
5
-
36
27
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
-
-
-
-
3
55
6
7
27
E
=
5
=
7
ELECTRO
78
33
6
-
-
5+5
-
-
2+7
M
=
4
=
8
MAGNETIC
72
36
9
-
3
10
6
7
9
E
=
5
=
6
ENERGY
74
38
2
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
21
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
224
107
17
-
3
1
6
7
9
-
-
1+4
-
2+1
-
2+2+4
1+0+7
1+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
3
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENERGY
8
8
8
-
9
1
6
7
9

5 x 11 = 55

LOOK AT THJE 5FIVES LOOK AT THE 5FIVES LOOK AT THE 5FIVES THE 5FIVES THE 5FIVES

5 x 11 = 55

 

 

8
EXOTERIC
99
45
9
3
AND
19
10
1
8
ESOTERIC
94
40
4
19
First Total
212
95
14
1+9
Add to Reduce
2+1+2
9+5
1+4
10
Second Total
5
14
5
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+4
-
1
Essence of Number
5
5
5

 

 

YEA

THOUGH

I

WALK THROUGH

THE

VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH

I

WILL FEAR NO EVIL FOR THOU ART WITH

ME

 

 

JUST SIX NUMBERS

Martin Rees

1
999

OUR COSMIC HABITAT

PLANETS STARS AND LIFE

Page 24

A

proton

is

1,836 times heavier than an electron, and the number 1,836

would have the same connotations to any 'intelligence'

 

 

-
QUO VADIS
-
-
-
-
Q
17
8
8
-
U
21
3
3
-
O
15
6
6
-
VADIS
55
19
1
9
QUO VADIS
108
36
18
-
-
1+0+8
3+6
1+8
9
QUO VADIS
9
9
9

 

 

9
QUO VADIS
-
-
-
-
VADIS
55
19
1
-
Q
17
8
8
-
U
21
3
3
-
O
15
6
6
9
QUO VADIS
108
36
18
-
-
1+0+8
3+6
1+8
9
QUO VADIS
9
9
9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
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