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EVERYMAN Edited by Michael W. Dempsey 1988 Page 237 Einsteinium Es 99 (254) Page 239
Proton + 1836 stable Neutron none 1838 1010 Page 237 Electron Small, negatively charged subatomic par-ticle; every electrically neutral atom has as many orbiting electrons as PROTONS in nucleus. See also CURRENT, ELECTRIC. Electron microscope Instrument that uses beam of electrons to produce magnified images of ex-tremely small objects, beyond range of optical (light) microscope. Electron-volt (eV) Small unit of energy equal to work done on electron when it passes through potential of 1 volt; 1 ev = 1.6 x 10-19 joule. Electroplating Production of thin adherent coating of one metal on another using ELECTROLYSIS. Electrostatic units (esu) System based on force exerted between two electric charges. Element Substance made up of exactly similar ATOMS (all with same atomic number).
Actinium AC 89 (227) 1230 3200 Aluminium Al 13 26.98154 3 660.4 2350 Americium Am 95 (243) 3. 4, 5 , 6 990 2600 Antmony Sb 51 121.75 6307 1640 Argon Ar 18 39.948 -1894 -1859 Arsenic As 33 749216 3,5 613 solid sublimes Astatine At 85 (210) 1,3,5,7 300 350 Barium Ba 56 13734 2 710 1640 Berkelium Bk 97 (247) 3,4 986 Beryllium Be 4 901218 2 1285 2470 Bismuth Bi 83 2089804 3,5 271.4 1650 Boron B 5 10.81 3 2030 3700 Bromine Br 35 79904 1,3,5,7 :- 71 589 Cadmium Cd 48 112.40 2 321.1 770 Caesium Cs 55 1329054 1 286 686 Calcium Ca 20 40.08 2 840 1490 Californium Cf 98 (251 ) Carbon C 6 12.011 2,4 3700 solid sublimes Cerium Ce 58 140.12 3,4 800 3000 Chlorine CI 17 35453 1,3,5,7 -101 -340 Chromium Cr 24 51.996 2,3,6 1860 2600 Cobalt Co 27 58.9332 2,3 1494 2900 Copper Cu 29 63.546 1,2 10845 2580 Curium Cm 96 (247) 3' 1340 Dysprosium Dy 66 162.50 3 1410 2600 Einsteinium Es 99 (254) Erbium Er 68 167.26 3 1520 2600 Europium Eu 63 15196 2,3 820 1450 Fermium Fm 100 (257) Fluorine F 9 1899840 1 -219.6 - -1881 Francium Fr 87 (223) 1 30 650 Gadolinium Gd 64 157.25 3 1310 3000 Gallium Ga 31 69.72 2,3 298 2070 Germanium Ge 32 7259 4 959 2850 Gold Au 79 1969665 1,3 10644 . 2850 Hafnium Hf 72 17849 4 2230 5300 Hahnium Ha 105 Helium He 2 4. 00260 0 3.5K 4.22 K Holmium Ho 67 164.9304 3 1470 2300 Hydrogen H 1.0079 1 -259.2 -252.8 Iridium In 49 114.82 3 156.6 2050 Iodine I 126.9045 1,3 5,7 113.6 184 Iridium Ir 77 192.22 3,4 2447 4550 Iron Fe 26 55.847 2,3 1540 2760 Krypton Kr 36 83.80 0 -157.3 3 -153.4 Lanthanum La 57 1389055 3 920 3450 Lawrencium Lr 103 (260) Lead Pb 82 207.2 2,4 3275 1760 Lithium Li 3 6941 1 180 1360 Lutetium Lu 71 174.97 3 1700 3400 MagnesIum Mg 12 24305 2 650 1100 Manganese Mn 25 549380 2,3,4,6,7 1250 2120 Mendelevium Md 101 (258) Mercury Hg 80 200,59 1,2 -38.9 356.6 Molybdenum Mo 42 9594 3,4,6 2620 4830 Neodymium Nd . 60 144.24 3 1024 3100 Neon Ne 10 20.179 0 -2486 -246.0 Neptunium Np 93 2370482 4,5,6 640 Nickel Ni 28 5870 2,3 1455 2150 Niobium Nb 41 929064 3,5 2425 5000 Nitrogen N 7 140067 3,5 -210 -1958 Nobelium No 102 (255) Osmium Os 76 1902 2,3,4,8 3030 5000 Oxygen 0 8 15.9994 2 -2188 -182.9 PalladIum Pd 46 106.4 2,4,6 1554 3000 Phosphorus P 15 3097376 3,5 442 (yellow) 2804 Platinum Pt 78 195.09 2,4 1772 3720 Plutonium Pu 94 (244) 3,4,5,6 640 3200 Polonium Po 84 (209) 254 960 PotassIum K 19 39.098 1 63.2 777 PraseodymIum Pr 59 1409077 3 935 3000 PromethIum Pm 61 (145) 3 1000 2700 Protactinium Pa 91 231.0359 1200 4000 RadIum Ra 88 226.0254 2 700 1500 Radon Rn. 86 (222) 0 -71 -62 Rhenium Re 75 186207 3180 5600 Rhodium Rh 45 1029055 3 1963 3700 Rubidium Rb 37 854678 1 38.8 705 Ruthenium Ru 44 101.07 3,4,6,8 231- 4100 Rutherfordlum Ru 104 Samarium Sm 62 1054 2,3 1060 1600 ScandIum Sc 21 449559 3 1540 2800 Selenium Se 34 78.96 2,4,6 220 685 Sillcon Si 14 28086 4 1410 2620 Silver Ag 47 107868 1 961.9 2160 Sodium Na 11 2298977 1 97.8 900 Strontium Sr 38 87.62 2 770 1380 Sulphur S 16 3206 2,4,6 115 444.7 Tantalum Ta 73 180.9479 5 3000 5400 Technetium Tc 43 (97) 6,7 2200 4600 Tellurium Te 52 12760 2,4;6 450 990 Terbium Tb 65 158.9254 3 1360 2500 Thallium TI 81 20437 1,3 304 1460 Thorium Th 90 2320381 4 1700 4500 Thulium Tm 69 1689342 3 1550 2000 Tin Sn 50 118.69 2,4 2319 2720 Titanium Ti 22 47.90 3,4 1670 3300 Tungsten (Wolfram) W 74 18385 6 3387 5420 Uranium U 92 238.029 4,6 1135 4000 Vanadium V 23 509414 3,5 1920 3400 Xenon Xe 54 131.30 0 -1119 -108.1 Ytterbium Yb 70 17304 2,3 824 1500 Yttrium Y 39 889059 3 1510 3300 Zinc Zn 30 65.38 2 419.6 913 Zirconium Zr 40 91 22 4 1850 4400 Notes The atomic weights (at. wt) are based on the exact number 12 as assigned to the atomic mass of the principal isotope of carbon, carbon.12, and are provided through the courtesy of the mternationafUnion of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC and Butterworth" Scientific Publications Values in parentheses are for Certain radioactive elements whose atomic weights cannot be quoted precisely without knowledge of origin; the value given in each case is the atomic mass no of the isotope of longest known half-life NB Gold and platinum occur in the earth as elements Cadmium compounds are found in zinc ores Page 239
Proton + 1836 stable Neutron none 1838 1010 Hyperons Xi-zero none 2570 2.9 x 10-11 Xi-minus - 2580 1.7 x 10-11 Sigma-plus + 2320 8.1 x 10 Sigma-zero none 2330 less than 10-14. Sigma-minus - 2340 1.66 x 10-11 Lambda none 2160 2.5 x 10-11 Omega-minus - 3280 1.1 x 10-11 Leptons Electron - 1 stable Neutrino none 0 stable Muon - 207 2.2 x 10-8 Mesons Eta none 1070 unknown K1-zero none 970 10-10 K2-zero none 970 2.8 x 10-8 K-minus - 960 1.2 x 10-8 K-plus + 960 1.2><10-8 Pi-plus + 273 2.6 x10-8 Pi-zero none 264 10-8 Pi-minus - 273 2.6 x 10-8 Right: A photograph of tracks in a bubble chamber, produced by the movements of elementary particles. Below: A diagram of the same events, identifying the elementary particles taking place in the collisions. One easily observed fact is that the electron and the positron, having opposite electrical charges, spiral in opposite directions Photograph omitted
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